Fly agaric - characteristics, structural features and application

Amanita mushrooms are difficult to confuse with other mushrooms. First of all, they are distinguished by their bright caps with white speckles. It is believed that such mushrooms only bring harm. However, they can be used to treat various diseases, and some types are even edible. To unravel the secrets hidden behind these original caps, you need to find out what the fly agaric mushroom is, its description, what varieties it has, and how it can be useful.

Description of the fly agaric mushroom

Fly agaric belongs to the Amanitaceae family, a genus of mycorrhiza-forming fungi, the distinctive feature of which is the formation by their mycelium of symbiosis (beneficial coexistence) with the roots of woody and herbaceous plants, mycorrhiza. This mushroom is poisonous. It can be classified as a large specimen.

The main parts of the structure of a mushroom are:

• Hat. It has the shape of a dome in a young mushroom; as it matures, it opens up like an umbrella and becomes flat and concave. The size of this part ranges from 8 to 20 cm, its skin is colored predominantly bright red, but may have a different shade. It depends on the places where the mushrooms grow, their types, and age. The skin is shiny on top and covered with white speckled warts.
• The stem is cylindrical, fleshy, white or yellowish in color, hollow in mature mushrooms. Its height can be from 8 to 20 cm, and its diameter - from 1 to 2.5 cm. Towards the base, the leg expands, at the top it is covered by a “skirt” remaining from the shell covering young specimens. At the bottom, the leg is surrounded by several white rings of growths.
• The flesh of the mushroom can have a white, light yellow, light orange color and a faint mushroom smell.
• Records. They are located on the inside of the cap, their width does not exceed 1.2 cm. Their color is white or cream.

These fungi reproduce through spores that look like white powder.

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Composition and properties

This mushroom contains toxic components. They are mainly contained in the cap and its skin.

The chemical composition of the red fly agaric (the most common) contains the following components :

• ibotenic acid, which is a toxic substance and has a destructive effect on brain cells;
• muscimol (hallucinogen), which can disrupt the functioning of consciousness, has a sedative, hypnotic effect;
• muscaruphine is an antibacterial component, it has anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties, which makes it possible to use this mushroom in medicine;
• muscarine is an alkaloid that dilates blood vessels, preventing the heart from contracting fully, which, if it enters the body, leads to poisoning with all the accompanying symptoms: low blood pressure, nausea, vomiting;
• Muscazone is formed during the breakdown of ibotenic acid and has little effect on the performance of the nervous system.

Fly agaric mushrooms are especially dangerous in the spring and summer, when toxic substances accumulate in them. After eating such mushrooms, poison spreads quickly throughout the human body (within 15 minutes).

Existing varieties

More than 600 different species of fly agarics live in the surrounding world. Fly agarics grow where ordinary mushrooms do: in deciduous and coniferous forests, they are found even in cold regions (tundra). Along with the well-known red fly agaric, there are other varieties of it, differing in appearance and caps of red, white, green, orange and other colors.

Most often found in nature:

• Panther fly agarics. They are brown in color. Their flesh is white and the smell is unpleasant (like black radish). The size of their caps and the height of the porous cylindrical legs are in the range of 5−12 cm.
• Toadstool mushrooms (yellow pale toadstools). They have a white hemispherical cap, covered with snow-white specks, and an unpleasant odor.
• Rough fly agarics. These mushrooms have a thick stalk. They are small, fleshy, yellowish (olive) in color. When young, they have a round cap that looks like a ball; in adult specimens, it takes on a flat shape with slightly curved edges. When cut, the flesh of these mushroom specimens turns from white to yellow. Its smell, unlike other varieties, is quite pleasant.
• Royal fly agarics. These are large mushrooms with a 20 cm brown (olive) cap covered with yellow flakes. Their flesh has a yellow-brown color that does not darken when the mushroom is cut. This mushroom variety, when poisoned, can cause severe hallucinations.
• Amanita spiny-headed (fat, bristly). The round shape of the cap of young mushrooms turns into a fleshy umbrella cap of adults. It is white and covered with gray specks. A distinctive feature of these mushrooms is a white stem with a thickening in the middle, scaly at the base. The plates of adult specimens are pink. The flesh of these mushrooms is dense and the smell is pungent. Such fly agarics are highly poisonous and cause poisoning even after heat treatment.
• White stinking fly agarics. Very toxic. They are clearly different from the classic bright and spotted specimens. Their cap is white, there are no specks on it. Its diameter is from 5 to 11 cm, its shape is conical with a sharp, often deformed, tip. When broken, the cap emits an unpleasant odor similar to bleach. The stem of the mushroom reaches a height of 11−15 cm. Often located plates are gray or white.

Interest in the panther fly agaric arose a long time ago, having heard a lot about its unprecedented strength and psychedelicity. And at the very moment when I was ready for the meeting, 20 of the strongest Altai panthers reached me. I decided on the dosage quite quickly. I stopped at the 6th year, based on successful meditation after the 24th year of the Reds. I took it in the simplest and most effective way, grinding the mushrooms in a coffee grinder, then stirring them in a glass of water with a drop of lemon juice. Go!

19.34 Reception.

20.05 First manifestations, mild nausea.

20.15 The obvious entry into the trip begins.

20.30 The effect gradually intensifies, I went outside for a walk.

20.40 I entered the forest, I felt a surge of strength, a detachment from reality. I control my body from the outside. Music in headphones plays in brighter colors.

21.00 Accelerates, feeling of limitless strength and lightness.

21.06 I am present everywhere, I am multidimensional space. Everything is controlled by me. The effect of falling into time loops begins. At the same time, I have excellent control over everything.

21.18 Time is perceived in the form of jerks and moments. The image turns into a slideshow. The feeling is amazing and wonderful.

21.20 A characteristic tremor appears in the hands with a large amplitude. I feel like a creator, the creator of the Universe. Very cool, I understand and understand everything. So far it’s easy to read and edit notes on the phone, although the letters are constantly changing and jumping across the screen all the time.

21.22 I decided to conduct a small experiment, to check how confident I would feel being in society. In a state of increasing trip, I go to the supermarket to buy a bottle of water.

21.24 I take water and go to the cash register. I stand in line and put the bottle on the counter. I find myself in a slight time loop, after exiting which it seemed like I had been standing for a very long time. He immediately went back to the shopping arcade, pretending as if he had forgotten to take something. I looked at my watch, and only half a minute had passed, no more! Oh, this illusory time under the fly agaric, you can easily go deep into yourself and burn yourself. It's not a good idea to hang out in crowded places while you're on a trip. I quickly return to the rows of water, take the second bottle and go to another cash register. The cash register is half empty, one person is checking out in front of me, everything is fine. I quickly paid with the change I had put aside, quietly watching how my first bottle was being sold to someone else at the next cash register. I go out into the street, realizing the absurdity of the idea, Grandfather Fly Agaric decided to play a little trick on me and test my reaction)) Fortunately, we communicate well with him, everything usually goes fine) He calmly moved towards the house, realizing that he was really catching up. I circled around the yard for about five minutes, rehearsing a quick entry into the entrance. And so I come in, quickly jump through the entrance and up the stairs. I decided not to use the elevator and walked up the stairs to the 8th floor. The ascent up to the sixth floor was successful, after which slight hiccups began in the perception of space. I stood on the landing between 6 and 7, glued to my phone, wondering where I was going after all. The looping time loops are intensifying, you need to get to the 8th floor faster. The minutes begin to stretch into hours. I quickly came to my senses, started to rise, bam, and I was already at 9. How could that be when I had already managed to slip through? Okay, we need to slowly go down. I go down, I seem to have everything under control, I stop - you’re on the 6th floor. How so, again? The looming prospect of a long walk through the floors did not make me happy. I make a third attempt, concentrate in the present moment as much as I can - and now, I’m at the cherished door. The main thing is to get home, there you can come up with anything. I instantly take out the key, make a couple of turns, Hurray! I'm in my apartment. Now be ready for anything, whatever happens. The time on the clock is about 21.30, 2 hours have passed since the appointment. The arrival is intensifying before our eyes. Energy pulsates in tangible streams. I understand that, like last time, it will be great to turn on and meditate to the recording of Olard Dixon’s shamanic tambourine, otherwise getting into a looped moment of eternity will not be very pleasant. I lose control over myself, I walk back and forth around the apartment, remembering who I am and what I’m even doing here. It is unknown how long the walking and preparation for meditation lasted, approximately 20 minutes, no less. By 22.00 everything was ready. The state is indescribable, any unconscious action, memory caught in a loop of time lasts forever. The depth of the trip is perceived much stronger than the last time since 24 Reds, and this is not the limit. There are just some finishing touches left, I’ve been plugging into the player for a couple of minutes now, trying to find and turn on the track. The choice fell on “Cleansing the Power Centers.” The essence of this program is that the recorded tambourine rhythms carry the required level of vibration frequency corresponding to a particular energy center. Cleansing begins naturally from the first lowest chakra. And then the tambourine begins to play, literally a minute later the body and the entire surrounding space naturally begins to resonate with the sounds of the tambourine. I can’t understand why, I suddenly feel uneasy. Low-frequency energy flows spread throughout the body, causing not very good emotions. It's getting unpleasant. The feeling that you are at an uncharacteristically low energy level. Finally the first rhythm ends, the recording for the next chakra begins. A minute passes, the body again resonates to the sound of the tambourine, and only now the idea became clear to me: the higher the chakra, the higher the frequency, the level of vibration of the tambourine in this composition. Starting with recording to clear the third energy center, the sensations of resonating at higher frequencies became much more pleasant. After the program to cleanse the 5th energy center, the vibrations of the body began to increase sharply, the sensations became unusual and surprising, turning into light joy and euphoria, apparently such high frequencies are not typical for me. Words and mantras, mentally repeated by me, turned into physically felt energy flows; it is indeed very important to monitor your thoughts and emotions. What surprised me most was that the energy of the fly agaric, which you feel in abundance during such a deep trip, almost instantly adapts to your vibration level. The spirit of the fly agaric simply resonates with your energy field, what you represent is what the fly agaric in you strengthens. By listening to a recording with a tambourine, and ideally playing it yourself, it is easy to switch even to higher energy levels. During meditation with the latest recordings, intended to cleanse the 2 upper energy centers, the entire space vibrated at such a high frequency that I had never felt before. The nature of the tremors in the hands also changed. If before meditation with a tambourine the hands occasionally twitched with a fairly large amplitude, then after attuning the upper chakras, they began to twitch very quickly, but with a very small amplitude, repeating the movements of the surrounding space. Everything is extremely physical and real. Under normal conditions, we do not see the world around us as it is. If we constantly felt our mental images, as clearly as our body, then we would have no choice but to form a bright and harmonious reality around ourselves. The picture of seeing the world during a deep fly agaric trip deserves special attention. The Universe is perceived as a huge clot of energy that does not have a specific shape. Depending on our degree of development, we are at a certain level of vibrations corresponding to the specific structure of this clot. The higher and purer our vibrations, the higher the hierarchy we belong to. We still have room to grow. And what we will use to continue our development, to understand the world in its true light, does not matter. Be it fly agarics, various spiritual practices, or even ordinary life in society. Any of the options has a place to be, each of us fulfills our purpose in one way or another.

Conclusion. The panther fly agaric is truly capable of expressing itself in the most unpredictable and miraculous way, showing all its power. Its effect is much harsher and more psychedelic than red, despite the relative calculated parity in dosages. I can recommend getting to know the panther fly agaric to all experienced practitioners, and simply to people with a stable and stable psyche who have a craving for the unknown. You should remember, before turning to mushrooms, you should learn to see this world as beautiful and be grateful to God for your presence here. In this case, the fly agaric will certainly become an excellent ally and will always answer all your questions.”

Edibility of fly agaric

There are varieties of fly agarics, the toxicity of which can be neutralized by heat treatment. They can be classified as conditionally edible specimens.

These are considered:

• Gray-pink fly agarics, known as blushing mushrooms. The diameter of their cap reaches 18 cm. In young specimens it looks like a hemisphere, in mature specimens it looks convex with a tubercle in the center. On the gray-pink background of the cap, gray or brown growths similar to flakes are noticeable. The densely located plates are white; in old fly agarics they have a pink tint. The white (pale pink) flesh is distinguished by its fleshiness. When broken, it turns red to a wine color. It has no specific smell. The leg, which is about 15 cm high, has a thickening at the base.
• Fly agarics are yellowish-brown in color and are called floaters. In their raw form, they are poisonous and dangerous. They have a thin brown (brown-orange) and flat cap with a diameter of about 8 cm with a small dark tubercle in the center. The legs of these varieties are 15 cm high, thickened at the base. These mushrooms are not too fleshy, watery, with mucus, and odorless. Due to their resemblance to toadstools, mushroom pickers do not like to collect them.
• Caesar's fly agarics. They are also called royal, Caesar's mushrooms. They taste great. They are distinguished from their poisonous relatives by their cap, which is smooth, red-orange and not covered with specks. The legs and plates are painted golden yellow.

Edible specimens also include brown, white, and gray floater mushrooms.

When eating such varieties, proper preparation is of great importance. It includes mandatory pre-boiling. According to experts, it is still not worth risking your health and using them as food.

Contents of the GDZ to the surrounding world in Russian schools for grade 2, part 2

In the second part of the notebook on the subject of the world around us for grade 2, author Pleshakov, topics about health and safety, communication and travel are considered. These are the main directions that permeate both the textbook and the workbook for the School of Russia program.

Undoubtedly, the topics are all important and it is necessary to know the material; this is basic human knowledge that can be useful in life. In subsequent grades, all this, of course, will be studied in depth in biology, geography, history, social studies and others, but for now, at a primitive level, in order to form a certain knowledge base in the child.

By tradition, each large chapter of the workbook ends with the topic “Let's test ourselves and evaluate our achievements,” which is a test of knowledge of what we have studied.

The topics for the second grade are not difficult, but still, to complete some tasks in the workbook, one would have to rummage through the Internet or encyclopedias if it weren’t for our GDZ. We have already found all the answers to all the tasks for you. Our workbook has been tested and approved by primary school teachers, all answers are correct.

Mushroom use, benefits and contraindications

If such mushrooms are used correctly, they bring not only harm to humans, but also certain benefits. They can act as insecticides and relieve people from a number of ailments.

The products can be used externally and internally. They are recommended in exact dosage :

• for skin diseases (eczema, diathesis, neurodermatitis);
• during the occurrence of muscle and joint pain caused by rheumatism, radiculitis;
• for eye diseases;
• for problems of the genital organs in men;
• patients with diabetes mellitus;
• people with tuberculosis;
• for oncology problems;
• for people with epilepsy.

The most common - red fly agarics - are used in a dried state, in the form of ointments, juices, extracts, and alcohol tinctures. All products are used externally for the healing of bruises, burns, wounds that do not heal for a long time, varicose veins, and the treatment of inflamed joints.

A good healing effect can be obtained if you mash a mushroom cap right in the forest, knead it and tie it to the affected area. The wound will heal quickly. To prepare tinctures, only mushroom caps are taken. They are crushed and placed in the refrigerator for 3 days. Then they are placed in a jar and filled with vodka or alcohol 1 cm above the level of the mushrooms. The jar with the mixture is placed in a dark place for 15 days, after which the mixture is filtered.

The ointment is prepared from fresh fly agarics. First, they are washed, ground into a paste, and mixed with sour cream. You can also dry the caps, grind them and add vegetable oil and Vaseline to the resulting powder.

Safety precautions, restrictions on use

Fly agaric also has contraindications. When using preparations based on these mushrooms, you should remember:

• For people with diseases of the digestive system, the use of fly agarics is contraindicated;
• such drugs in any form are not given to pregnant and lactating women, people with mental disorders;
• Do not use metal utensils for preparing ointments and tinctures;
• These substances must be taken with strict adherence to the recipe and the exact dosage of its components;
• It is recommended to use rubber gloves when preparing tinctures and ointments;
• children, except in rare cases, are not given medicines based on fly agarics;
• After using such products, you should wash your hands well with soap.

Internal administration of fly agaric solutions is possible only after medical consultation, under the supervision of a specialist. We must not forget that it is enough to eat only 4 caps of this mushroom and get poisoning, accompanied by convulsions, delirium, and suffocation. If you experience signs of poisoning with fly agaric mushrooms or suspect such a fact, you should immediately seek medical help.

Other uses

These organisms, donated by nature, have found application not only in folk medicine.

They were popular in other areas too:

• Previously, this class of fungi was used as an insecticide. Its caps were placed on window sills and furniture, sugar syrup was applied to them in order to attract flies, mosquitoes, and other insects in this way, which is why the mushroom was called fly agaric.
• In Ancient Egypt, fly agaric ointment was used to combat wrinkles.
• Since ancient times, priests began to use these mushrooms, despite their poisonous properties, during their ritual procedures and cult rites. Tinctures prepared from such products allowed shamans to enter a trance and talk with the deceased.
• Powder made from fungal spores is used in the production of fertilizers.

Contraindications

Tinctures and medicines based on extracts from Amanita should be taken with caution. Due to their specificity (the presence of toxins), the drugs are not used to treat pregnant, lactating women and children. More often, medications are used externally, because alcohol tinctures provoke poisoning and cause hallucinogenic effects.

It is contraindicated for people suffering from urolithiasis, gastrointestinal disorders, and neuroses. Symptoms of poisoning can be neutralized by drinking 15 drops of the Belladonna medicinal mixture. Having noticed the first signs of poisoning, before the ambulance arrives, you need to quickly cleanse the body by inducing vomiting and drinking more water.

Selection and storage

To use such mushrooms yourself, you need to know how to select and store them correctly:

• You can collect fly agarics throughout the growing season; the most useful components are in the mushroom cap, so it must be smooth, intact, and not damaged by insects;
• drying of the caps is carried out after removing the plates from their inside, by stringing the caps on a thread or in the oven at a temperature of about 50 °C;
• dried mushrooms should be stored in a dark, dry place and in a closed container;
• You need to remember about the toxic properties of fly agaric mushrooms, so preparations based on them must be stored in places inaccessible to children and pets, in labeled, closed containers.

The fly agaric has properties that are contradictory in nature. On the one hand, it is poisonous and dangerous. On the other hand, this mushroom is useful because it helps a person recover from many diseases. And taking into account the description of the fly agaric, its properties and applications, you can either admire its interesting appearance, or take advantage of its healing properties and get rid of existing ailments.

Creative projects and student work

In this biology research project on the topic “Beautiful fly agaric: description and interesting facts”, the author’s research on the definition of the concept of fly agaric and the reasons for receiving such an interesting name is proposed, the reasons for the toxicity of the fungus and the degree of impact of its poison on people, animals and plants are considered.

More details about the project:

Table of contents

Introduction 1. What is fly agaric? 2. Why was the fly agaric called fly agaric? 3. Types of fly agarics. 4. Why is fly agaric poisonous? 5. How is fly agaric useful? 6. Description of the fly agaric. Conclusion Sources used.

Introduction

The relevance of my work. One autumn, my family and I went into the forest to pick mushrooms. It was very beautiful. And there were apparently no mushrooms around, even the smell of mushrooms was in the air! And I noticed that there were a lot of fly agarics. Yes, how beautiful! Yes big! The caps are red, and white grains are scattered on them. And I wanted to know more information about the fly agaric. Why was he called fly agaric? Is it really that poisonous? And is it really not at all useful?

Goal: To determine what the fly agaric is, why it was called that, and why the fly agaric is poisonous. Learn about the beneficial properties of fly agaric. Make a fly agaric out of plasticine.