Demonstration material on the topic “Mushrooms” card index on the world around us (middle group) on the topic

Bright pictures with mushrooms, a story about each mushroom and coloring pages with mushrooms.

While exploring the wonderful world of nature, do not forget to tell your children in more detail about mushrooms - unique inhabitants of the natural world, occupying a middle position between the animal and plant kingdoms.

Children about mushrooms - mushroom pictures and stories

Lesson on the topic “Mushrooms” - we think, reason, find out

If you ask kids which group mushrooms belong to, they will no doubt answer – plants.

The following arguments can be given as evidence:

• sedentary lifestyle;
• passive nutrition (substances dissolved in water).

This is where you can give them a surprise by telling them that the structure of a fungal cell is more reminiscent of an animal cell - for example, a beetle or a scorpion, since it is covered with a chitinous (shell) shell. In addition, mushrooms cannot produce their own nutrients when exposed to sunlight, as plants do, which means this also serves as a distinguishing feature.

Ask the kids: where can you most often find a mushroom in the forest? Of course, under the tree. It is not for nothing that many mushrooms get their names from the names of their best friends - the trees under which they grow (aspen, birch). What explains this proximity? Just because mushrooms cannot provide themselves with all the necessary substances, as plants do. Therefore, many of them try to make friends with trees in order to get the products they lack through their roots.

Let's think about what large groups are all mushrooms divided into? Of course, there are edible and non-edible .

Edible and inedible mushrooms

Let the children remember the most famous representatives of each group, and you help them, armed in advance with photo cards depicting mushrooms.

For better assimilation and greater clarity, attach cards with the name of the group on the board or table: “Edible mushrooms” and “Inedible mushrooms.” After discussion, send each picture to the appropriate group. At the same time, it is better to study twin mushrooms in parallel, this will teach kids to be careful in the process of collecting them.

The video presentation “Edible Mushrooms” will help you in studying edible mushrooms:

Recipes and cooking features

Crossheads are very delicate mushrooms and begin to deteriorate immediately after cutting, so the temperature treatment of mushrooms must be done quickly. Before boiling or freezing aspen trees, you need to inspect them for rotting and trim off any damaged areas. Such manipulations will avoid poisoning. Before any temperature treatment, the mushrooms are thoroughly washed.

It is better to cook them with the addition of salt and after removing the skin from the caps. Cooking time – 20-30 minutes. To enjoy the taste of boletus, you don’t have to spend a lot of time and effort. After cooking, it is enough to fry the mushrooms in butter with the addition of onions, ground black pepper and salt.

Cooking boletus

To do this you need to take:

1. Boletuses (200-300 g).
2. Onions (1 pc.).
3. Butter (30-40 g).
4. Salt and ground pepper (to taste).

Onions and aspen trees are cut into cubes. The onion is fried first until transparent, and only then the main ingredient is added. Boletuses must be fried until all the moisture comes out of them. Then add spices and fry for another 5-10 minutes.

Cards with images of mushrooms

As a rule, children know the following types:

Champignon. This mushroom is specially grown in greenhouses, since, unlike many of its fellows, it does not need proximity to trees. What two distinctive features of champignon do you need to remember? The first is the pink or dark brown color of the plates under the cap. The second is the reddish or yellow tint of the mushroom pulp. And, of course, you need to remember the unique aroma of this mushroom, which cannot be confused with anything else if you inhale it at least once.

Picture of champignon for children

Let us immediately remember what is the name of the double of this noble mushroom? Of course, the pale grebe. We look at its image, looking for distinctive features. The most observant will be able to note:

• white color of the plates under the cap;
• the presence of a specific sac at the base of the mushroom stalk.

We add that the flesh of the pale toadstool always remains pale when cut, which is why this mushroom got its name.

Picture of a toadstool for children

Let's move on and remember the following edible mushrooms:

Russula. This mushroom is distinguished by the brightness and variety of colors of its cap. It differs from toadstools in its thick stem, fleshy cap and fragile flesh. And it owes its name to the fact that it does not require long cooking, since it does not contain harmful substances.

Russula picture for children

Boletus. One of the brightest representatives of the union of mushrooms and trees. It is distinguished by the unusual (speckled) color of its stem and the tubular structure of its cap.

Picture of boletus for children

Boletus. From its name it is clear that this mushroom is especially friendly with aspen. And his cap is bright red - the same as aspen leaves in autumn.

Picture of boletus for children

Camelina differs from other mushrooms not only in its color, but also in the fact that its cut acquires a blue tint over time.

Picture of saffron milk cap for children

Honey mushrooms. Friendly mushrooms that grow on the stumps of cut down or dead trees. One of the latest mushrooms, appearing only at the beginning of autumn.

Picture of honey mushrooms for children

Butter. Unusual mushrooms growing in coniferous forests. Their cap is covered with a layer of oily liquid, which is how they got their name.

Picture of boletus for children

Milk mushroom. Everyone's favorite, the king of salted mushrooms. It has an unusual shape and a short leg. It is found in two forms - wet (its surface is covered with fringe and slightly damp) and dry - with a smooth cap.

Picture of breast milk for children

White mushroom, boletus. A noble representative of his species. It has a very thick, fleshy light-colored leg and a cap with a tubular bottom structure.

Picture of white mushroom for children

Chanterelles. Unusual red mushrooms, in which the stem smoothly turns into a cap with a wavy edge.

Picture of chanterelle mushrooms for children

Speaking about chanterelles, you immediately need to remember their dangerous counterpart - false chanterelles, and pay attention to their differences from real ones: unpleasant smell, bright color (with a reddish tint), smooth edges of the cap.

Let us immediately remember the most famous non-edible mushroom - fly agaric . Let's discuss where this name could come from. Children remember the fact that fly agaric is very dangerous for various insects, and our ancestors placed its mushrooms on the windows to prevent flies from flying into the house.

Picture of fly agaric mushroom for children

Every kid knows what this mushroom looks like, its color is so unique. Children will also be interested to know that the fly agaric cap can be not only red, but also brown or yellow.

Another very original inedible mushroom is tinder fungus . This is a perennial parasitic fungus that grows on a living tree or stump. There are quite a lot of different types. He is a forest orderly, decomposing organic compounds into mineral ones. Due to its beneficial properties, it is actively used in medicine. Interestingly, some of its species in some countries can be eaten subject to special preparation.

Picture of tinder for children

And finally, let's remember another unusual representative of the mushroom kingdom - the truffle. This delicious mushroom grows in deciduous forests, and under a layer of soil. Therefore, various methods are used to extract it. Pigs and specially trained dogs are especially good at finding truffles.

Picture of mushroom truffle for children

For greater clarity, we use a poster depicting all common edible and non-edible mushrooms, among which we find familiar ones, and also study previously unseen mushrooms.

Poster with mushrooms

Through a poster on which images of mushrooms are drawn, we smoothly move on to the next, reinforcing part of the lesson - pictures with mushrooms. Some of them display the main features of each mushroom, making it recognizable. On others we see the general outlines of mushrooms. You can offer the kids riddles or poems about mushrooms that match the pictures.

A picture for children of a mushroom (poems about mushrooms, riddles about mushrooms) are used to consolidate knowledge of the names of the main parts of the mushroom; with the help of them we try to remember how and in what parts, as well as in their characteristic habitat, the mushrooms that we studied today differ from each other.

Useful properties and restrictions on use

Redheads not only have a pleasant taste, but also a number of beneficial properties. The pulp of mushrooms contains a large amount of vitamins and beneficial microelements, including:

• vitamins PP, C, A and B2;
• potassium;
• alimentary fiber;
• proteins, fats and carbohydrates;
• iron;
• phosphorus;
• amino acids.

Oak boletus
Such a quantity of useful elements makes it possible to use aspen boletus as a remedy for high cholesterol levels in the body. They also stimulate wound healing and increase immunity, which is why they are used to treat herpes labialis, frostbite and other skin diseases.

Attention!

Boletuses are a difficult product for the human digestive system. In view of this, it is worth limiting their use to the maximum for people with stomach, kidney and liver problems. The consumption of redheads is strictly contraindicated for children under 5 years of age, since their digestive system is not yet mature for such a heavy food product.

Riddles about mushrooms

For example, you can offer the following poems and riddles:

My hat -

Where the needles are.

Glistens in the sun

It slips in your hands. (oiler)

With a thick leg, small,

He hid in the moss... (boletus).

If I get into the basket -

You will have a supply for the winter.

I taste very good!

Did you guess it? This is... (milk).

They lead a friendly round dance

Red sisters.

Everyone will immediately understand:

In front of him... (chanterelles).

Sits bravely on a stump

A bunch of brave guys.

Everyone can easily recognize them:

Who doesn’t know about….(again)?

All shades and colors

Those mushrooms have caps.

Collect them without haste,

Very fragile...(russula).

Look at the video riddles about mushrooms:

As a conclusion to the lesson, to include motor memory in the work, in the final part we invite the kids to work with coloring. The mushroom coloring page puts kids in a calm mood.

Myths about other self-testing methods

Other methods of personal testing for toxicity are quite firmly rooted in the minds of many lovers of “silent hunting”. In any case, you should not experiment on your own health by relying on myths and misconceptions:

1. The belief that long pre-boiling of the product helps to get rid of toxins sometimes leads to dire consequences. After all, the most dangerous toxins are heat-resistant.
2. Inexperienced mushroom pickers believe that poisonous species must have an unpleasant odor. But, for example, the pale grebe may not give itself away by smell. And each person’s perception of smells is different.

Edible and poisonous mushrooms

1. It should be noted that there is a misconception that insects necessarily avoid contact with poisonous fruiting bodies. There is no need to focus on this.
2. It is very dangerous to believe that strong alcoholic drinks neutralize toxins. On the contrary, they quickly spread poisons throughout the body and increase the severe symptoms and toxicity of the fungus.

Mushroom coloring pages

Mushroom picture

Mushroom coloring book

Fly agaric picture for children

Fly agaric coloring book for children

Autumn mushroom picture

Autumn mushroom coloring
After finishing the work, you need to consider all the results and even make an impromptu exhibition of mushrooms painted in bright colors.

Application

In cooking

Boletuses can be fried, baked, boiled, or grilled. Try making fried boletus according to this recipe:

1. Cut the peeled onion into small cubes and fry in a mixture of butter and vegetable oil (2 tablespoons each) for 5 minutes.
2. Peel, wash 500 g of redheads, cut the legs higher and clean.
3. Cut the mushrooms into slices and add to the onions.
4. Fry for another 2-3 minutes, cover with a lid and simmer until the liquid evaporates.
5. After this, fry the mushrooms for another 7-10 minutes, add 3 tbsp. l. sour cream, spices, salt and simmer over low heat for 5 minutes.

In folk medicine

Traditional healers use boletus, mushrooms (photos of different types are posted at the end of the article) and related species for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, and loss of strength. For medicinal purposes, raw mushrooms, dried mushroom powder, and alcohol tincture from the caps of young redheads are used. Before starting treatment, you should consult your doctor, and do not use these remedies to treat children, pregnant or lactating women.

Honey mushroom family

Small mushrooms with round caps are always arranged in groups. They grow on green meadows and stumps. Every mushroom picker loves these fragrant babies. When starting to depict these beauties, it is better to look at them in person. After all, it is so unusual for them to gather in friendly companies. But, if this is not possible, you can look at the photo and make our step-by-step lesson.

• Let's draw a cylinder - this is the future stump. We mark the location of the mushrooms with thin lines. Two will be at the bottom left, and a group of five will be at the top right on the edge of the stump.
• We thicken the legs. We draw semi-oval caps.
• Now we color the work with colored felt-tip pens. The mushrooms themselves will be light brown. Don't forget to show the skirt under the hat and on the leg. The stump is dark brown in color. The top of the cut is yellow.
• We add a little yellow to the mushroom itself, showing the transition from dark to light areas. We darken the bottom of the stem of each honey mushroom.
• Draw the roots of the stump and the grass.

You can make a drawing unique by adding just a little bit of your vision. Even following our general step-by-step master classes, each person’s paintings will be different. And that's great. After all, every video world is different.

Russula

Another example of how to draw a mushroom step by step for children. This time we will try to depict a russula. It can be compared to a porcini mushroom, since their shape is approximately the same, but the drawing process itself will be different. Let's start:

1. Draw a vertical line. Divide it into three stripes. The upper part will be for the cap, the lower part will be for the leg. Let's start drawing the top. During this process, make sure that the stem of the hat will sit flat on the stems. We draw a semicircle.
2. At the bottom we add an additional line, which will give us a view of the bottom of the mushroom. Let's draw the contours of the leg with thin, barely noticeable lines.
3. To make our mushroom look beautiful, we will add a beautiful autumn leaf to its cap. Erase additional lines with an eraser.
4. At the bottom of the picture you can depict a little grass. Since our picture shows autumn, it should not be thick and tall. We draw the contours with a black pencil and immediately add plates in the form of stripes under the cap.
5. Let's color the drawing starting with the leaf. For it, use a yellow and orange pencil. Try to use them in different parts of the leaf to make it look voluminous.
6. Now let's paint the hat. Russulas can have different colors, for example, yellow, pink and green. Our mushroom will be green. Shade the cap, leaving shadows and highlights.
7. For the area under the cap and stem you will need a gray and blue pencil. Do not press on the lead; the color should be light and pale.

All that remains is to paint over the grass; it is better to use soft colors. The russula is drawn.