Common oakberry or Poddubnik mushroom is one of the most interesting representatives of the Mushroom kingdom. And all because it has not only an interesting shade of its cap, but also incredible flesh. Many mushroom pickers, thinking that the front one is inedible, prefer to avoid the mushroom. In fact, in vain. Dubovik is a wonderful forest dweller that is not so easy to find. If you meet it, do not under any circumstances pass by, but collect it in a basket to later prepare an interesting, gourmet dish. Also known as - Common Dubovik, Olive-brown Dubovik, Poddubnik, Poddubovik, Dirty-brown bolet, Bruise.
Description and photo of Poddubnik
Who is the oak mushroom? This is a forest dweller who prefers oak groves to grow. Less often it can be found in birch forests and other deciduous forests. Outwardly, it is very similar to boletus, so many mushroom pickers with little experience collect it without knowing its true name. However, oak wood has some significant differences. But still, there is a danger of confusing it with inedible mushrooms, which can significantly worsen human health, causing poisoning and other unpleasant consequences. To prevent this from happening, we recommend that you get acquainted with what a real oak tree looks like.
From Latin - Boletus luridus.
hat
The cap of the oak tree is very similar to the cap of a number of other representatives of the mushroom kingdom. And yet, if you look closely, you can catch the features inherent only to the poddubnik.
The hat itself is quite large. In diameter it can reach a maximum of 15 cm. However, in forests most often there are representatives of the species that have a cap no more than 10 cm in diameter. Although, this aspect largely depends on weather conditions, as well as the soil where the oak tree grows.
Young mushrooms have a hemispherical hat that resembles half a globe. It is round, drops of water quickly flow from it. However, with age, the cap begins to rise. The edges rush upward, while the central part is pressed down. As a result, it turns out that the hat looks like an umbrella. It looks quite interesting.
This cap is already quite brittle and can be easily damaged by strong hand pressure.
If you run your hand over the cap, you can feel a certain velvety feel. The color of the cap is also uneven. In some mushrooms it has a beige tint, in others it is gray, in others it is brown. These exceptional nuances directly depend on what the initial composition of the soil was in the place where the oak tree grew.
The hat is very elastic. If you press on the cap of a young mushroom, a dent will appear. However, it will very quickly return to its previous form and the mushroom will appear before you as never before. This is a very unique and at the same time useful property of oak wood. However, the older the mushroom, the fewer ways it can regenerate under mechanical stress.
Records
The oak wood's plates are located very close to each other. They are very narrow, the spores between them are dense and small. Depending on the age of the mushrooms, the color of the plates changes. In young mushrooms it has the hue of a sphere. If the mushroom is older, the color becomes red or orange. In old mushrooms, the plates are painted a bright olive color.
Leg
The stem of the mushroom is very thick. To hold such a weighty hat, you need to have a strong leg. It is quite thick, and its girth can reach from 3 to 6 cm.
At an early age, the leg of the oak tree is beige, and with age, ocher dots appear on it. Over time, they cover the entire stem, and in adult mushrooms it becomes dark.
With age, the stem of mushrooms loses its softness and elasticity, and the flesh becomes dry. Therefore, it is often deformed under the weight of the cap.
A unique feature of this stem is considered to be velvety, like a hat. This effect is achieved thanks to the smallest fibers, which are located lengthwise and crosswise on the stem.
Pulp
The most interesting thing you can find in a mushroom is its pulp. Let's start with the fact that in cross-section it has a yellowish and sometimes beige tint. Such colors may fade and be uneven. However, when interacting with oxygen, the pulp very soon changes and darkens. This is why mushroom pickers so carefully avoid oak mushrooms. They think that the mushroom is simply poisonous, which is why it turns blue. Actually this is not true. The blue tint appears as a result of the fact that oak wood contains substances that give a similar color when interacting with oxygen.
Also, it is worth noting that the insides of the fungus gradually turn black over time, turning into rot.
The pulp has no distinct odor and is absolutely neutral.
Where and at what time does Poddubovik grow?
Now that we have found out that the oak tree is absolutely harmless and safe for humans, we can find out where it grows.
In fact, finding oak wood in the central zone is not so difficult. It most often lives in deciduous forests, namely oak groves. It can also be easily found in deciduous forests.
Dubovik lives under linden and oak trees. It begins to grow and develop rapidly in early May and actively bears fruit in mid-June. However, then it disappears for a month and appears again in August and grows until the very end of September.
This mushroom not only has a unique location, strictly under deciduous trees, but also, it is very selective in soil composition. Loves sandstones and peat.
Variability
It is with the oak tree that such a concept as variability appears. It is due to the fact that the color of the oak cap can vary greatly. For example, it can change from a light yellow tint to brown and even becomes dark brown, sometimes with a red tint, and sometimes with black. The cap darkens depending on the age of the mushroom. The older he is, the darker he is. Spots may also appear on the leg at the same time. Most often they have a bright red tint. However, at the very base, that is, closer to the mycelium, the leg becomes green.
Poddubovik is on Wikipedia.
Chemical composition
These mushrooms have a rich and rich chemical composition.
Namely:
- proteins;
- carbohydrates - fructose and glucose;
- fats - saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, campesterol;
- minerals - sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, copper, selenium, manganese;
- vitamins - C, D, folic, pantothenic and nicotinic acids, tocopherol, calciferol, etc.;
- amino acids - leucine, glycine, lysine, arginine, etc.;
- antibiotic - boletol.
Podpodubnik toxicity
Is oakwood toxic? This question is of great concern to few mushroom pickers. It is believed that it does contain toxic substances. Therefore, it is strictly not recommended to use it fresh, and even after collecting it is recommended to thoroughly wash your hands. However, removing these substances from the mushroom is not so difficult. To do this, just rinse the oak wood well, and then apply heat.
In order to protect yourself as much as possible when eating oak, we recommend using the following algorithm.
- First you need to clear the mushrooms from forest debris.
- We rinse thoroughly in cold water, you can even soak it in a saucepan for a while.
- The next step is to rinse the oak trees again and immerse them in a pan of cold water.
- After this, put the pan on the fire and wait for it to boil.
- It is recommended to cook dubovik for at least 20 minutes.
- After this, the toxic substances are destroyed, and the oakberry can be eaten.
When to collect
The growth period of speckled oak is quite long: from May to October. It is better to time the harvest in July, since at this time the maximum level of fruiting is observed. By October, some mushrooms become too large and empty inside, and they are difficult to process when they outgrow the average size.
To collect, use a small sharp knife, which is used to carefully cut off the boletus and place it in a storage container. This can be a wicker basket or an enamel bucket.
Edibility of Olive-brown Dubovik
Is oakberry edible? It is believed that the taste properties of this mushroom are in no way inferior to white mushrooms. Despite the fact that it does not have a pronounced mushroom smell, oakberry is still quite pleasant when eaten. Belongs to the second category.
In order to understand whether oak mushroom is edible or not, let’s turn to the registers of poisonous mushrooms. There is no oak tree on the list. This means that it is safe for human health.
However, in order to ensure that the mushroom does not cause harm, it is recommended to give it a thorough heat treatment for about 15 minutes, as indicated in the paragraph above.
Only after this can you count on the fact that mushrooms will truly become safe for you.
Also, edibility is proven by numerous sources. However, it is important not to combine oak wood with alcohol. It is believed that with such proximity in the body, the oak tree begins to secrete substances that can provoke poisoning. Therefore, at such a dinner it is better to refuse strong drinks and even regular wine.
King of Cooking
Experienced mushroom pickers never face the question of how to prepare their own wealth, because there are many ways to do this. Some people prefer to stew their harvest with meat. There are also those who take care of replenishing the body with energy during the long winter, creating a lot of preserves and dried preparations.
If you plan to cook using raw materials right away, then you cannot postpone it. The maximum shelf life under ideal refrigeration conditions is only two days. When boiled, the period is extended by a day. After this, the pulp begins to release dangerous substances that lead to general intoxication of the body.
The situation is slightly different with the dried version. The workpiece is successfully stored in cotton bags or in a plastic container. Moreover, the latter must have a ventilated lid. It’s also worth making sure that winter treats are kept away from heat sources.
By maintaining a temperature of about 18 degrees, you can store drafts for about a year.
Due to its fleshy pulp, the mushroom is appreciated by gourmets. In order not to overwhelm the true taste, chefs prefer to prepare various sauces with a creamy addition based on them. But even if it seems that such a side dish is too much of a waste, you can make a budget dish by cooking a rich soup or at least just broth.
An additional positive aspect here is the almost complete preservation of the original nutritional characteristics even during prolonged heat treatment. Since the cap practically does not boil down, you can make a couple of dishes from several large specimens.
There is no need to worry about caloric content here, because this figure has barely exceeded 22 kcal per hundred grams of product. The chemical composition is as follows:
| Name | Quantity (in grams) |
| Squirrels | 3.7 g |
| Carbohydrates | 10.1 g |
| Fats | 1.7 g |
It follows from this that podubovik (as it is sometimes called) is recommended for consumption even by people who adhere to the basics of dietary nutrition.
Mushroom cabbage rolls
Cookbooks often contain recipes using these forest “tenants.” One of the most satisfying and at the same time unusual offerings is called cabbage rolls. To prepare them you will need:
- white cabbage leaves – 8 pcs;
- oak mushrooms – 450 g;
- rice (pre-cooked) – 120 g;
- butter – 30 g;
- smoked spike – 100 g;
- onions – 2 pcs. (average);
- flour – 20 g;
- sour cream – 500 g;
- sunflower oil – 2.5 tbsp. l;
- salt, spices to taste.
First, the leaves are boiled until tender in salted water. To make wrapping the workpiece easier, you need to remove the thickenings from it.
For minced meat, you will need to chop the main ingredient, combining it with chopped bacon and onion. First, the bacon is placed on a heated frying pan and fried until the fat begins to release. Later, onions with dull mushrooms are added there. Stirring regularly, simmer the filling until cooked.
At the end of the procedure, cooked rice with seasonings is placed in a frying pan. The mixture is thoroughly mixed. All that remains is to make the sauce. To do this, the flour is sautéed in oil until golden brown, and then sent to cool. As soon as the desired temperature is reached, sour cream is added there. The mass is stirred, seasoned to taste, and then simmered for seven minutes over low heat.
The final stage is the formation of the cabbage rolls themselves. Here everything happens according to the standard scheme: first, the minced meat is laid out in the middle of the sheet, rolled into an envelope, and placed in a frying pan with the bottom generously greased with vegetable oil. The semi-finished product is fried a little, and then transferred to a saucepan, poured with sauce and baked for another half hour at a temperature of 200 degrees.
How to distinguish the common Dubovik from the Satanic mushroom
Unfortunately, oak mushroom is very often confused with satanic mushroom. This is a poisonous representative of the mushroom kingdom, which can have the most negative impact on human health.
In order not to confuse these two species, you need to know what differences exist between these two species.
To begin with, let us point out that the satanic mushroom is, of course, poisonous. However, in appearance they are so similar that it can be difficult to distinguish them from each other. And then, at this moment it is necessary to pay attention to the differences in the smallest details, and the nuances that are associated with mushrooms.
First, look at the size of the mushrooms presented in front of you, as well as the shape of the caps, the visual perception of the legs, and color. The smallest differences can help to understand the situation.
First you need to cut the mushrooms in half lengthwise. In such a way that the pulp appears in front of you. As you know, when interacting with air, oak wood gets a blue tint to its flesh. It was because of this feature that he received the nickname “Bruise.”
Video from the forest
If you come across a satanic mushroom, it does not immediately begin to turn blue.
At first its flesh is beige, and then acquires a reddish tint. And after that it turns blue, but streaks of red remain. Also, a significant difference can be detected in the pulp, which has not had time to change. Once you have cut the mushroom, look closely at the cut. In the crack of the oak tree, the non-poisonous pulp has a pale yellow tint, less often - beige. But the satanic mushroom has boiling white flesh.
Another good way to find differences is to look at the shade of the cap. The surface of the cap, depending on the type in front of you, varies. The oak tree's cap has an olive tint with small orange streaks. And in the satanic mushroom it turns into a grayer color, without a hint of orange.
However, if you didn’t think ahead and picked a satanic mushroom and then used it for food, don’t be upset. There are various ways that will allow you to avoid serious consequences. For example, induce vomiting and consult a doctor immediately.
Before your doctor arrives, it is recommended to drink large amounts of water in small sips. Continue to try to induce vomiting in order to completely empty the stomach and intestines.
Take a horizontal position and lie in a position that is comfortable for you until the doctors visit you. At this point, it is recommended to avoid excessive activity.
Article on the topic - Porcini mushroom (Boletus): the king of mushrooms, doubles with photos.
False doubles
Dirty brown boletus is easily confused with other species. It’s good if they turn out to be porcini mushrooms or yellow oak mushrooms - they are edible, there will be no harm from them.
But inedible and even poisonous species that are dangerous can also be mistaken for boletus. Its difference from others can be seen in the photo. More detailed descriptions can be found in the table:
| Variety | hat | Leg | Pulp | Category |
| Speckled Oak or Boletus erythropus | Hemispherical or convex, color - all shades of brown | Cylindrical, tuberous, yellow-red in color with speckled specks | White or yellowish, quickly turns blue, has no taste or smell | Conditionally edible |
| Kele's Oak or Boletus queletii | It has a rounded-convex shape, brown-chestnut color, velvety or smooth surface | Cylindrical, with a thickening at the base, without a mesh, yellowish-brown in color | Fleshy, dense, yellowish in color, quickly turns blue, without a characteristic odor | Edible |
| Satanic mushroom or Boletus satanas | Hemispherical or rounded-pillow-shaped, smooth or velvety. Has a whitish or grayish color with an olive tint | Tuberous or barrel-shaped, dense, red in color | White or yellowish, turns blue or red when cut, has an unpleasant odor | Poisonous |
| Polish mushroom or Xerocomus badius | The cap is semicircular, cushion-shaped, sometimes flat. Color - chestnut brown, dark brown | Cylindrical or slightly tapered, fibrous, color light brown | Fleshy, dense, the cap turns slightly blue when cut, then becomes light again. Pleasant mushroom smell, mild taste. | Edible |
| White mushroom or Boletus edulis | The cap is cushion-shaped, from whitish to dark brown. the surface is smooth, slightly velvety | Very massive, solid, cylindrical, white or light brown | White, dense, thick, does not change color when broken, has no smell, but has a pleasant nutty taste | Edible |
Benefit and Harm
Oak mushrooms have both many beneficial and harmful properties at the same time. In order to assess how safe this mushroom is for consumption, let’s consider it from all aspects.
Beneficial features
- Oak mushroom has low calorie content. This means that people who are on a diet can use it in food.
- Dubovik is absolutely safe, is a powerful carbohydrate, contains proteins and a very low amount of fat.
- It can kill bacteria. It provides this effect due to the fact that its cap contains substances similar to antibiotics.
- This substance reduces the activity of pathogenic bacteria, as a result of which it protects the human body from various diseases and intoxication.
- Cleansing the body.
- Dubovik does not contain toxins, protects the body, rids it of heavy impurities, metals, pathogenic bacteria and negative substances.
- The use of dubovik improves cardiovascular function. The rhythm of the heart is normalized, angina pectoris and arrhythmia are eliminated, and the person gets rid of the signs of hypertension.
- The mushroom contains a lot of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, which provides additional protection to the cardiovascular system.
- Strengthening the immune system.
- Antioxidants in the substance affect cell renewal, kill toxins, and also reduce the likelihood of tumor growth in the human body.
- The wound healing process is accelerated. The mushroom is not only a powerful antiseptic, but also participates in the process of skin regeneration. Therefore, oak extract can be found in medications that people use for dermatitis, psoriasis and other skin diseases.
- The aging process slows down. This means that the elasticity of the skin increases and wrinkles form much more slowly.
- Improves potency. The mushroom contains substances that effectively affect libido, and also increase the amount of testosterone in a man’s body.
- The functioning of the kidneys and liver improves. The mushroom removes toxins, as well as harmful substances and metals, including from liver and kidney cells. Thanks to this, their work is normalized.
- The function of the thyroid gland improves. Mushrooms contain a substance such as copper. It allows you to produce the necessary hormones that relieve thyroid problems, as well as diabetes.
- The mushroom has a positive effect on digestive function in the human body.
Now let’s find out what harm oakwood can cause if used incorrectly.
The mushroom can worsen a person's health in the following situations.
- Digestive functions are impaired. Unfortunately, if a person already has problems with the digestive tract, then it is better for him to refuse to consume oakberry, as this can cause irreversible consequences, causing flatulence and bloating.
- Liver and kidney disease. If you suffer from diseases of the above-mentioned organs, then it is necessary to postpone the use of oakberry, as it can aggravate the problem.
- Stomach or duodenal ulcer. Unfortunately, consuming oakberry can lead to relapse or complications. It also adds nausea and causes severe pain.
It is also not recommended to combine dubovik with alcoholic beverages. Unfortunately, this can lead to severe poisoning, severe intoxication and other unpleasant consequences.
Also, oakwood can provoke a severe allergic reaction. The fact is that it contains a substance called chitin. Chitin in large quantities can cause allergies, this is especially true for young children and pregnant women.
Medical indications
Many people who are far from medicine believe that ordinary speckled oakwood is only suitable for preservation or cooking. But pharmaceutical specialists often resort to his help. The reason for this is its rich composition, which includes many different microelements of a restorative nature.
Based on a whole bunch of useful qualities, boletol was created, which is one of the most famous antibiotics in modern medicine. It promotes inhibition and subsequent neutralization of various pathogens.
Another significant contribution to pharmaceuticals was beta-gluconates. They are considered the main assistants of the immune system. They even work as a prevention of malignant neoplasms.
An edible healer is suitable for mental workers, students, and schoolchildren. We have amino acids to thank for this, as they have a positive effect on:
- coordination of movements;
- memory;
- mental activity.
To be able to concentrate on complex tasks, the brain must receive adequate amounts of proper nutrition, the important elements of which are amino acids. They also act as a guarantor of reducing the risk of developing atherosclerosis.
Ancient healers often resorted to proven oak-based remedies when they needed to cure:
- depression;
- overwork;
- nervous disorder.
Even today, herbalists use recipes from those years.
What can be confused with
The oak mushroom is similar to both poisonous and some edible species. Therefore, before putting the mushrooms into the basket, it is necessary to analyze what we ultimately collected.
The similarity is most evident with the following mushrooms.
Speckled Oak
This is an absolutely edible mushroom, very similar in appearance to its predecessor. It has a pleasant taste and rich aroma. It has a fleshy cap of a bright brown hue. Its leg is tall and dense, with reddish spots. The pulp has a bright yellow or orange tint. However, over time, like its brother, it acquires a blue color.
Pink-golden oakberry
Another lookalike is the pink-golden oakberry.
This mushroom cannot be consumed raw, only after careful heat treatment. It should be eaten very carefully.
It is characterized by the fact that its cap has a bright pink tint, less often with brown or red impurities. In cross section it is blue, initially the flesh is white.
Satanic mushroom
Well, of course, the previously mentioned satanic mushroom here. The similarity with the oak tree is striking, however, there are still differences described in the paragraph above. An attentive mushroom picker, concerned about his health, will definitely carefully examine this mushroom, and will never put it in a basket until he is sure that in front of him is an edible representative of the kingdom of mushrooms.
Spreading
Kele's oakberry is a rare mushroom. On Russian territory it can only be seen in the Caucasus or the Far East. It grows mainly in forests with a predominance of deciduous trees. This mushroom prefers well-lit places. Often grows next to chanterelles, russula, porcini mushrooms and pearl fly agarics.
Brick boletus.
The collection time for Kele oak is approximately from late spring to mid-autumn.
Any recipes
So, you have collected a whole basket of fresh oak trees. Now, you need to prepare a delicious dinner from it.
Let's look at the most popular recipes that may be useful to you in this matter.
Roast vegetables, meat and mushrooms
To prepare this dish you will need the following ingredients.
- Poultry meat.
- Potato.
- Carrot.
- Spices.
- Vegetable oil.
- Onion.
- Bay leaf.
- Water.
- Mushrooms.
- Cut the potatoes into small oblong cubes.
- Cut the mushrooms into slices.
- Carrots in semicircles.
- Chop the onion into half rings.
- Salt and pepper the mixture well.
- Place in a baking dish.
- Bay leaf on top.
- Pour in a small amount of water mixed with vegetable oil.
- Mix everything well and place in the oven for exactly 1 hour at 200°.
- Stir the contents of the baking dish periodically.
- If you want soft vegetables, then you need to cover the dish with foil.
- When serving, decorate with greens.
Stuffed mushrooms
To prepare you will need these ingredients.
- The mushrooms themselves.
- Cheese.
- Sour cream.
- Greenery.
- Olive oil.
- Garlic.
- Cut off the stems of the mushrooms. They need to be crushed.
- The frying pan is filled with olive oil.
- Everything is heated on the stove.
- Chop the garlic.
- Fry garlic with chopped stalks.
- Grate the cheese.
- Chop the greens very finely.
- Mix the ingredients in a frying pan, add sour cream and herbs.
- Place in hats.
- Sprinkle cheeses on top.
- Place in the oven to bake for 20 minutes.
Ready. You can enjoy a wonderful snack.
Growing
Those who are too lazy to go to the forest to pick mushrooms can grow them themselves. No special knowledge or skills are needed in this matter. It is enough to prepare ordinary beds by mixing the soil with horse manure, clay, black soil, leaves and sawdust. Seed material is collected in the forest. It is necessary to cut off the caps of young butterflies.
You might want to know more about the oak mushroom.
They need to be laid out on paper and left for 48 hours. The mycelium will be ready. The resulting seeds are placed in the soil and sprinkled with leaves. Watering is carried out only in heat and drought. If you properly care for the beds, you can get about 100 fresh mushrooms from 1 m² of area.
