Mushrooms on an apple tree, how to fight, what to do if they grow on the trunk?

Some gardeners always do not pay attention to mushrooms on an apple tree. But in vain. Some of them can not only destroy an individual crop, but the entire garden.

Spores land on wounded, weakened or old plantings.

The reason is not the mushrooms themselves , since they settle mainly on dying tissue. And most don't know how to deal with them.

Before considering the question of when mushrooms appeared on an apple tree and how to deal with them, in this article we will try to analyze the various types of mushrooms that appear on different parts of the apple tree, preventive measures and methods of dealing with them.

What apple tree diseases does this indicate?

Mushrooms in our usual understanding are not just an object with a stem and a cap. There are a huge variety of their types - mold, lichens, moss , etc.

The most common fungal diseases of such a crop as an apple tree are considered to be:

Scab is a harmful disease caused by the marsupial species Venturiainaequalis;
Mold (fungal plaque) - the color can be very diverse, depending on the type. For example, powdery mildew, caused by powdery mildew (Erysiphales);
Rust - damage by rust species;
Cytosporosis - from the microscopic fungus Cytospora;
Anthracnose – causative agent Cryptosporiopsismalicorticis (Cordley) Nannf;
Tubercularia - infection with the Nectria fungus (tubercularia);
Alternaria blight - caused by a fungus of the Alternaria alternata species;
Moniliosis – caused by marsupials belonging to the genus Monilinia;
Milky sheen - spores penetrate damaged parts of the plant;
Black crayfish is the causative agent of Sphaeropsismalorum Peck, class Deuteromycetes.

lichens and mosses cause harm ? This topic is still not fully studied and controversial. Most experts believe that they are not the main reasons for the death of this culture.

Edibility of Olive-brown Dubovik

Is oakberry edible? It is believed that the taste properties of this mushroom are in no way inferior to white mushrooms. Despite the fact that it does not have a pronounced mushroom smell, oakberry is still quite pleasant when eaten. Belongs to the second category.

In order to understand whether oak mushroom is edible or not, let’s turn to the registers of poisonous mushrooms. There is no oak tree on the list. This means that it is safe for human health.

However, in order to ensure that the mushroom does not cause harm, it is recommended to give it a thorough heat treatment for about 15 minutes, as indicated in the paragraph above.

Only after this can you count on the fact that mushrooms will truly become safe for you.

Also, edibility is proven by numerous sources. However, it is important not to combine oak wood with alcohol. It is believed that with such proximity in the body, the oak tree begins to secrete substances that can provoke poisoning. Therefore, at such a dinner it is better to refuse strong drinks and even regular wine.

Classification

Not all of them are harmful to the plant.

There are some mushrooms growing on the apple tree that are in symbiosis with it:

Parasitic

Surely every person has seen fungi on trees, stumps or ordinary dead wood that look like a sponge or resemble a sea shell.

Sponge mushrooms on an apple tree.

Carefully! These are tinder fungi - parasites for our garden and, of course, fruit plants.

There is an opinion that tinder fungi destroy plantings, but this is not entirely the correct conclusion. The bulk of them settle on rotting , old or already dead plants.

But there are those who are not averse to settling on very young trees.

Some of them can remain under the bark for several years and eat the pith and other parts without being detected.

The nature of the lesion depends on the type of parasite . Some of its varieties are quite often found in gardens and homesteads:

False - produces white core destruction ;
Plum-red - core and branches ;
Flat-yellowish-white decay , causing to dry out and become brittle ;
Real tinder fungus - at the site of rot, usually white or light yellow in color, the core of the wood becomes brittle , stratifies into annual rings;
Grayish-yellow - rot at the core is brown in color and spreads very quickly through the wood;
Scaly - forms white rot on the core .

Tinder fungus.
The fungus located on the surface of the wood is not dangerous.

The main danger is in the mycelia, which penetrate deep into the tissues and pose a great danger.

They seem to corrode the wood, forming rot and a hollow, which disrupts the natural physiological process of development. The apple tree weakens and then dies .

Some varieties can destroy a tree in a very short time, while others can suck the juices out of it for decades.

Polypores and the fight against them

You can almost always save a fruit tree if you correctly determine the type and characteristics of the tinder fungus.

Beware of underestimating the consequences it can cause.

The main thing is not to immediately rush into panic and destroy culture.

Usually, up to five years pass from the appearance of the first fungal attacks to a noticeable decrease in yield , so there is time to save the planting from death.

As a last resort, leave such a tree as it is and fight the disease, at the same time plant a new one so that it grows and begins to produce a harvest, becoming, as it were, a replacement for the sick one.

If after annual prevention the fungus appears again , then it is necessary to cut them off and burn .

Advice! Fungal spores are released from the beginning of August , so the procedure for removing them must be carried out before this month.

If there is such a mushroom on an apple tree, what should you do?

Treat cut areas with copper sulfate and garden pitch .

Coat the stamps with casein glue and the addition of karbofos. This will prevent their further occurrence.

Symbiosis with apple tree

There is a friendship between fungal organisms and plants or the so-called symbiosis (mycorrhiza).

This connection between them is very important for both of them.

Entoloma garden apparently enters into symbiosis, since it can often be found under it.

But the relationship has not been fully studied, so it is difficult to say affirmatively about symbiosis in general.

What can be confused with

The oak mushroom is similar to both poisonous and some edible species. Therefore, before putting the mushrooms into the basket, it is necessary to analyze what we ultimately collected.

The similarity is most evident with the following mushrooms.

Speckled Oak

This is an absolutely edible mushroom, very similar in appearance to its predecessor. It has a pleasant taste and rich aroma. It has a fleshy cap of a bright brown hue. Its leg is tall and dense, with reddish spots. The pulp has a bright yellow or orange tint. However, over time, like its brother, it acquires a blue color.

Pink-golden oakberry

Another lookalike is the pink-golden oakberry.

This mushroom cannot be consumed raw, only after careful heat treatment. It should be eaten very carefully.

It is characterized by the fact that its cap has a bright pink tint, less often with brown or red impurities. In cross section it is blue, initially the flesh is white.

Satanic mushroom

Well, of course, the previously mentioned satanic mushroom here. The similarity with the oak tree is striking, however, there are still differences described in the paragraph above. An attentive mushroom picker, concerned about his health, will definitely carefully examine this mushroom, and will never put it in a basket until he is sure that in front of him is an edible representative of the kingdom of mushrooms.

Common fungal infections

Finding out the reason why mushrooms grow on an apple tree , establishing the correct diagnosis and starting treatment at the very beginning of its formation is already half the success.

Let us dwell on the most dangerous and common fungal infections that form on stem areas .

Black cancer

It manifests itself as yellowish-brown or black spots on the bark.

When starting treatment, it is necessary to determine the cause of the blackening of the trunk .

The causative agent of the disease is characterized by rapid reproduction and spread of the disease throughout the entire trunk, including second-order branches.

First, spots appear , which then dry out, leaving behind damaged bark , which disrupts the movement of sap and, accordingly, the tree dies.

Mostly this disease occurs in old plantings, to which, for some reason, less attention is always paid to care and prevention.

Black cancer on an apple tree.

How successful the treatment will be depends on the extent of its spread and the focus.

As soon as the first spots appear, you need to immediately take measures to eliminate them, which is guaranteed to help cure the culture:

Clean damaged areas with a wire brush.
Treat stains with copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture.

It is best to carry out such a treatment event annually , regardless of the presence of the disease.

black cancer has become widespread in gardens , when the trunk completely turns black.

It is very difficult to deal with such a problem, and if not treated in a timely manner, it is impossible. Therefore, timely treatment and prevention .

Important! After each treatment of damaged areas, they must be lubricated with garden varnish .

Cytosporosis

Some symptoms resemble bark cancer.

The color of the bark does not change, but blisters , which, when pressed, separate from the trunk.

In these dying areas, black mounds , in which foci of rotting are localized.

The cause of this disease is a microscopic fungus , which mainly appears on damaged areas of the trunk, cracks or areas caused by thermal sunburn. It begins to release toxins that poison the bark, which spreads the infection to the entire tree.

Treatment of such a disease comes down to spraying in the spring until the buds of the entire crown of the trunk swell with the drug “Hom” according to the instructions indicated on the package.

Before flowering begins, treatment with copper-containing preparations (copper sulfate). And the final treatment immediately after flowering with Hom.

Be sure to whiten the trunks and skeletal branches before the start of winter, repeating this procedure with the beginning of spring.

Green coating

Many gardeners have more than once noticed the appearance of such plaque on trunks. He does not pose a serious danger. lichens begin to form .

Processing the tree trunks of apple trees.

They are easy to clean with a brush and do not cause any concern. Their appearance usually occurs from the north side, or in humid weather conditions.

To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to treat the trunk with copper sulfate in the fall, and in the spring, whitewash or paint the trunks with special paint.

To guarantee results, you can add a small amount of copper sulfate to the whitewash solution .

Benefit and Harm

Oak mushrooms have both many beneficial and harmful properties at the same time. In order to assess how safe this mushroom is for consumption, let’s consider it from all aspects.

Beneficial features

Oak mushroom has low calorie content. This means that people who are on a diet can use it in food.
Dubovik is absolutely safe, is a powerful carbohydrate, contains proteins and a very low amount of fat.
It can kill bacteria. It provides this effect due to the fact that its cap contains substances similar to antibiotics.
This substance reduces the activity of pathogenic bacteria, as a result of which it protects the human body from various diseases and intoxication.
Cleansing the body.
Dubovik does not contain toxins, protects the body, rids it of heavy impurities, metals, pathogenic bacteria and negative substances.
The use of dubovik improves cardiovascular function. The rhythm of the heart is normalized, angina pectoris and arrhythmia are eliminated, and the person gets rid of the signs of hypertension.
The mushroom contains a lot of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, which provides additional protection to the cardiovascular system.
Strengthening the immune system.
Antioxidants in the substance affect cell renewal, kill toxins, and also reduce the likelihood of tumor growth in the human body.
The wound healing process is accelerated. The mushroom is not only a powerful antiseptic, but also participates in the process of skin regeneration. Therefore, oak extract can be found in medications that people use for dermatitis, psoriasis and other skin diseases.
The aging process slows down. This means that the elasticity of the skin increases and wrinkles form much more slowly.
Improves potency. The mushroom contains substances that effectively affect libido, and also increase the amount of testosterone in a man’s body.
The functioning of the kidneys and liver improves. The mushroom removes toxins, as well as harmful substances and metals, including from liver and kidney cells. Thanks to this, their work is normalized.
The function of the thyroid gland improves. Mushrooms contain a substance such as copper. It allows you to produce the necessary hormones that relieve thyroid problems, as well as diabetes.
The mushroom has a positive effect on digestive function in the human body.

Now let’s find out what harm oakwood can cause if used incorrectly.

The mushroom can worsen a person's health in the following situations.

Digestive functions are impaired. Unfortunately, if a person already has problems with the digestive tract, then it is better for him to refuse to consume oakberry, as this can cause irreversible consequences, causing flatulence and bloating.
Liver and kidney disease. If you suffer from diseases of the above-mentioned organs, then it is necessary to postpone the use of oakberry, as it can aggravate the problem.
Stomach or duodenal ulcer. Unfortunately, consuming oakberry can lead to relapse or complications. It also adds nausea and causes severe pain.

It is also not recommended to combine dubovik with alcoholic beverages. Unfortunately, this can lead to severe poisoning, severe intoxication and other unpleasant consequences.

Also, oakwood can provoke a severe allergic reaction. The fact is that it contains a substance called chitin. Chitin in large quantities can cause allergies, this is especially true for young children and pregnant women.

Features of autumn processing

You can try as much as you like to treat your plantings from pests during the summer, but if your neighbors do not pay attention to their garden, then there is a high probability that pests will move in with you when the weather warms up.

Therefore, with the onset of autumn and the end of leaf fall, it is imperative to treat your apple trees:

First of all, you need to clean the bark with a soft brush to remove everything unnecessary.
Collect all the foliage and fallen fruits .
Try to remove the remaining leaves from the branches.
Don't forget to burn .

Required work:

Treatment of the area along the width of the crown with fungicidal preparations;
Digging or loosening the area of the tree trunk circle;
Adding wood ash to digging areas. This will serve as excellent nutrition in the spring, which will increase the immunity of plants.

Advice! Fungicides such as Bordeaux mixture or copper sulfate will destroy many fungal spores, which will protect fruit plants and make work easier in the spring.

Podpodubnik toxicity

Is oakwood toxic? This question is of great concern to few mushroom pickers. It is believed that it does contain toxic substances. Therefore, it is strictly not recommended to use it fresh, and even after collecting it is recommended to thoroughly wash your hands. However, removing these substances from the mushroom is not so difficult. To do this, just rinse the oak wood well, and then apply heat.

In order to protect yourself as much as possible when eating oak, we recommend using the following algorithm.

First you need to clear the mushrooms from forest debris.
We rinse thoroughly in cold water, you can even soak it in a saucepan for a while.
The next step is to rinse the oak trees again and immerse them in a pan of cold water.
After this, put the pan on the fire and wait for it to boil.
It is recommended to cook dubovik for at least 20 minutes.
After this, the toxic substances are destroyed, and the oakberry can be eaten.

Prevention measures

To avoid crop loss or even plant death, you must not forget about preventive measures to prevent infection:

Apple tree processing.

Monitor the condition of the bark and protect it from all kinds of damage;
Remove and trim dry and damaged branches;
Do not wait for parasites , but carry out timely prevention against them;
Whiten the trunk in a timely manner from sunlight and frost damage;
If wounds occur, promptly coat them with garden varnish or other special preparations;
Cuts and sections must be treated with copper sulfate followed by putty ;
Cut off the mushrooms that have formed from the tree before they spread the spores;
Fill emerging hollows;
In the fall , collect all the leaf fall around the crown and burn it.

When fighting for the harvest, the most dangerous opponents are pests and diseases .

This is especially true for parasites, which are the only carriers of fungal diseases .

Therefore, prevention is important to save the apple orchard.

Any recipes

So, you have collected a whole basket of fresh oak trees. Now, you need to prepare a delicious dinner from it.

Let's look at the most popular recipes that may be useful to you in this matter.

Roast vegetables, meat and mushrooms

To prepare this dish you will need the following ingredients.

Poultry meat.
Potato.
Carrot.
Spices.
Vegetable oil.
Onion.
Bay leaf.
Water.
Mushrooms.

Cut the potatoes into small oblong cubes.
Cut the mushrooms into slices.
Carrots in semicircles.
Chop the onion into half rings.
Salt and pepper the mixture well.
Place in a baking dish.
Bay leaf on top.
Pour in a small amount of water mixed with vegetable oil.
Mix everything well and place in the oven for exactly 1 hour at 200°.
Stir the contents of the baking dish periodically.
If you want soft vegetables, then you need to cover the dish with foil.
When serving, decorate with greens.

Stuffed mushrooms

To prepare you will need these ingredients.

The mushrooms themselves.
Cheese.
Sour cream.
Greenery.
Olive oil.
Garlic.

Cut off the stems of the mushrooms. They need to be crushed.
The frying pan is filled with olive oil.
Everything is heated on the stove.
Chop the garlic.
Fry garlic with chopped stalks.
Grate the cheese.
Chop the greens very finely.
Mix the ingredients in a frying pan, add sour cream and herbs.
Place in hats.
Sprinkle cheeses on top.
Place in the oven to bake for 20 minutes.

Ready. You can enjoy a wonderful snack.

Why the following types of mushrooms grew on apple trees and what to do with them

The appearance of various fungal manifestations on an apple tree requires urgent measures to determine the cause of the occurrence and eliminate them.

Chaga, woody, yellow, white, green, dry

The bulk of mushroom-shaped growths on apple trees are varieties of polypores , which are parasites.

It is necessary to start fighting them as quickly as possible, before it sucks all the juices from the trees.

Basidial

These are higher fungal organisms. Sporulation organs - basidia .

In some types, basidia develop openly, without forming fruiting bodies (rust).

They can cause a disease in crops such as rust .

Prevention comes down to spraying with preparations or planting varieties that are resistant to rust disease.

See what a fairly safe mushroom looks like on an apple tree, photo of a lichen:

Lichen.

Lichen

A group of lower plants connected by symbiosis. It does not pose a great danger if the quantity is small, but it is better to remove them with a soft brush to avoid the accumulation of pests under it.

Oyster mushrooms

Of the seven varieties of oyster mushroom, five are considered edible .

The oyster plant , which can appear on fruit trees in gardens, is also edible How does it affect cultural plantings?

After all, this is a wood-destroying formation . Observations from gardeners indicate that there are no concerns.

Oyster mushroom does not destroy living trees.

Even if it appears on old plantings, its mycelium feeds on wood that is already infected with tinder fungi.

Attention! oyster mushroom does not grow , then other parasites will appear in its place, which can destroy the crop.

Some useful tips

In cooking they are used in such dishes as:

Fish dishes (in the form of dry seasoning).
Meat dishes (especially beef, chicken and pork).
Soups (boiled).
Side dishes.

When storing mushrooms, you need to remember that when dried they last for quite a long time, but when wet they last only a couple of days. To store dry mushrooms you need a dry and cool place.

When choosing mushrooms, you should pay attention to the specks. For example, if there are greenish or white tints, this most likely indicates old, stale mushrooms. Dried mushrooms, which initially seem small, swell in water and become several times larger than before.

A box of store-bought dried mushrooms can absorb up to five liters of water. Some experimenters argue that the water needs to be changed periodically, along with the temperature, ranging from ice to boiling water.

Proper brewing of mushrooms is characterized by the fact that it takes quite a lot of time, as it requires good heat treatment. This mushroom needs to be cooked for at least two hours. Even frying is best done after prolonged processing. This is because the mushroom itself is not poisonous, but its environment can affect its quality.

Mushroom stems are usually not used in the dish, but they can be added to the soup, finely chopped, for flavor. Mushrooms have a bland taste, but if you use it in dishes, it tends to take on the tastes and smells of other dishes, turning into something individual and unique. In the form of chips, they have a bitterish-sour taste.

Sources

https://ECOportal.info/treevesnye-griby/
https://ofazende.ru/kakie-griby-rastut-na-derevyah
https://lesoteka.com/derevya/drevesnye-griby
https://gribnik.info/drevesnye-griby/
https://FermoVed.ru/gribyi/kotorye-rastut-na-derevyah.html
https://gribysobiraem.info/vidy-drevesnyh-gribov/
https://MrDachnik.com/drevesnye-griby
https://ferma.expert/griby/griby-na-derevyah-i-pnyah/
https://polzaivredno.ru/drevesnye-griby-polza-i-vred/

Features of struggle in different parts of the apple tree

Root

Usually the root is not susceptible to fungal diseases. It affects its bacteria, causing a dangerous disease - root cancer .

Trunk and bark

The main task is complete cleaning of contamination, treatment with copper-containing preparations and protective disinfectant putty.

How to fight fungus in a hollow tree

Hollow in the trunk of an apple tree.
If a large hollow , then experts advise carefully cleaning it with sandpaper, filling it with crushed stone and covering it with cement mortar . Small hollows can be covered with garden varnish.

How to grow oyster mushrooms at home

Growing oyster mushrooms in your dacha will not surprise anyone. This species has long been actively cultivated for sale. They are the most actively growing and best-bearing mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms reproduce well indoors; some people even manage to grow them on the balcony of their home. The mycelium can be placed in the basement, garage, barn. Some varieties grow on vertically installed bags or nets with substrate. Wooden boxes with wet sawdust are suitable for this.

How I grew oyster mushrooms at my dacha

I have oyster mushrooms growing in the basement on large plastic bags with husks from sunflower seeds. Before lowering the substrate down, I treat the basement with a disinfectant solution (ready-made preparations are available in stores).

I leave the basement closed for two days, then I ventilate it. There should be two rooms in the basement reserved for mushrooms, this is important. In the first, the mushrooms are germinated; in the second, they are transferred when they begin to actively grow and bear fruit.

The following are suitable nutritional bases for oyster mushrooms: • crushed corn cobs; • sawdust; • straw.

All types of compost can be mixed or used separately. I prepare the nutritional base as follows: 1. I water the raw materials with warm water; 2. leave it to swell for an hour; 3. I drain the remaining water; 4. I brew the raw material with boiling water, cover it with oppression, and leave it for 7 hours; 5. I remove the remaining liquid; 6. I squeeze out the substrate, add a store-bought growth stimulator to it; 7. I package the finished nutritional base in layers 25-30 cm thick in large plastic bags; 8. I make holes in each container with a diameter of 1 to 2 cm, with a distance between them of 15 to 20 cm.

I place the mycelium in bags between layers of substrate. I hang containers ready for germination in a vertical position. The room temperature should be from +18 to + 24 degrees. I constantly moisten the bags. Mycelium does not need lighting; it only needs heat, high humidity and a nutrient base for active growth. I ventilate the room periodically.

After the mycelium begins to grow, I transfer the bags to the second room, where artificial lighting and frequent ventilation will be needed. The air temperature should be from + 12 to + 18 degrees. To increase air humidity, a sprinkler with dispersive nozzles had to be installed in the basement. If this is not the case, you can lower large containers of water into the room and place them in the corners; they will provide the necessary humidity. As for lighting with lamps, I arrange a 12-hour daylight period for the mushrooms. The first harvest of oyster mushrooms is possible on the 8th day after germination.