Exidia glandulosa: what mushrooms look like, where and how they grow, whether they are edible or not

Kozhemyako Boris Lvovich

An experienced mushroom picker who knows a lot about finding mushrooms

There are many mushrooms in our forests that we encounter quite often, but there is sadly little information about them. The glandular fungus is not a rare fungus, but very little is known about it. Even the status of an inedible mushroom was assigned to it rather conditionally; no one has really studied its taste and effect on the body when consumed. And no wonder, this mushroom looks rather unappetizing. In adulthood, it is somewhat reminiscent of the brain, only brown or almost black in color. The young mushroom also does not make you want to try it immediately; most of all, it looks like a very unappetizing jelly.

— Kozhemyako Boris Lvovich An experienced mushroom picker who knows a lot about finding mushrooms

Exidia recisa: what mushrooms look like, where and how they grow, whether they are edible or not

Kozhemyako Boris Lvovich

An experienced mushroom picker who knows a lot about finding mushrooms

There are many mushrooms in our forests that we encounter quite often, but there is sadly little information about them. The glandular fungus is not a rare fungus, but very little is known about it.

Even the status of an inedible mushroom was assigned to it rather conditionally; no one has really studied its taste and effect on the body when consumed. And no wonder, this mushroom looks rather unappetizing. In adulthood, it is somewhat reminiscent of the brain, only brown or almost black in color.

The young mushroom also does not make you want to try it immediately; most of all, it looks like a very unappetizing jelly.

— Kozhemyako Boris Lvovich An experienced mushroom picker who knows a lot about finding mushrooms

Description

The species are saprotrophic, grow on dead attached or recently fallen wood and produce gelatinous basidiocarps (fruiting bodies). The fruiting bodies are variously pustular, lobed, button-shaped or superior.

Several species, including species like Exidia glandularis, have sterile pins or pimples on their spore-bearing surface. Others are smooth. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, and about 20 species are currently recognized worldwide.

Initial molecular studies indicate that the genus is artificial.

Doubles and their differences

There are several types of mushrooms that are considered twins of Exidia compresses:

1. Excidia glandular - resembles a compressed one in shape and color. However, the glandular one has a more saturated black color, and small warts can be seen on the surface of the fruiting body. It is believed that this doppelganger is an edible and tasty mushroom.
2. Exidium truncated - similar in color and shape. You can distinguish a double from a real one by the presence of a lower velvety surface and small warts on its fruiting body. Classified as inedible.
3. Blooming exidia has a similar color and round, flattened fruiting bodies. However, it will not be so difficult to distinguish the double from the compressed exidia, since most often it grows on birch. This species is never found on willow. It is an inedible species.
4. Leafy tremors are similar in shape and color to the fruiting bodies, but this species is quite rare and grows on stumps. Experts classify it as an inedible species and do not recommend using it for food.

Systematization

The species were originally placed in the fungi of the genus Tremella

. Genus exidia

was separated from the genus Tremella in 1822, based primarily on the shape of the fruiting body. Elias Magnus Fries originally included species designated the family Auriculariaceae within the genus.

Recent molecular studies have shown that Exidia is now an artificial grouping, with species not clearly differentiated from similar but displaced species in the genera Exidiopsis and Heterochaete.

However, only a few species have not yet been sequenced.

Bulgaria Inquinance

Most mushrooms are used to prepare various dishes, pickles, pickled delicacies, and some are interesting only from a medical point of view. For example, Bulgarian inquinans mushrooms, which look more like pots with strange contents, and sometimes like a scattering of coals.

Fruiting body

The diameter of the fruiting body reaches 10-40 mm, height – 20 mm. Young mushrooms have a rounded, closed body that resembles a plaque and is supported by a tiny stalk no more than 3 mm long. The rough surface of the young body is covered with tubercles and colored ocher-brown, brown or brown-gray. The tubercles have a brownish-purple or brown color.

Subsequently, in the center of the mushroom, reaching the edges, a hole with a blue, almost black bottom is formed. The mushroom itself becomes like a glass or a depressed pot, which turns into a saucer in old age.

Bulgaria staining has a glossy disc, colored brown-red, blue-black, and then olive-black. On fine days it remains smooth and matte, but on rainy days it becomes damp and shiny. Old mushrooms shrink and dry out.

The mushroom is filled with jelly-like, tight pulp of an ocher-brown color, emitting a pleasant mushroom aroma or no smell at all.

Bulgaria inquinans reproduces by black and brown smooth kidney-shaped spores contained in black spore powder. They are abundantly released from mushrooms and color the nearby soil in a black-brown shade, for which they were nicknamed “smudgers”.

Source: https://xn--80ancajkqq.xn--p1ai/spravochnik/eksidiya-zhelezistaya.html

Tree mushrooms: varieties, features

Fungi are called arboreal because of their main feature - they penetrate the bark of a dead or living tree and decompose it using special enzymes. By destroying cellulose and other polysaccharides, they use them for their own development and growth. They belong to the group of xylotrophs.

There are edible and inedible types of these mushrooms, studied by the science of mycology. Edible parts are useful for humans, contain proteins, vitamins B and C, iron, phosphorus and calcium. “Muer” is the name of a tree mushroom translated from Chinese, which has long been often used in Pan-Asian cuisine.

Features of wood mushrooms

Many types of tree mushrooms act as forest health workers, since they are bred on weakened trees and help the natural selection of quality species. Representatives of such “orderlies” known to us, for example, are honey mushrooms, which grow beautifully on stumps in a large family and attract mushroom hunters with a spicy aroma. In addition, they are tasty, crispy, and are especially loved by gourmets when marinated.

But there are mushrooms that are completely different from traditional ones; they have neither a cap nor a stem. They are qualified and recognized by their shape and appearance, which reminds us of things familiar in everyday life. It never occurred to anyone to collect them and taste them, so the taste qualities of these eccentric specimens are not known for certain.

Such xylotrophs can be distinguished by a description of their appearance:

• Meat pieces (Askokorine meat);
• Resin in the form of a drop (Exidia ferruginosa);
• Bubble foam (Dacrimitses vanidas);
• Corals, sponge (Kalocera).

Even among mushrooms there are parasites that eat their relatives. For example, the sulfur-yellow hypocrea, which feeds on colonies of exidia or tremors.

Particularly dangerous parasites for forests include northern Climacodon, a representative of the subspecies Polypores. It penetrates into the body of a healthy tree through cracks and cuts and completely destroys it within 4 years.

Gardeners and park workers should be wary of such parasites, because they can completely destroy the garden.

Types of tree mushrooms

Mushroom hunters pay attention to apparently unusual species found in the forest on the trunks of rotten or diseased trees and dead wood. In mid-summer and autumn, you can find adult specimens of the most interesting mushrooms, a description of which is presented below.

Askokorine meat

It got its name because the fruiting body resembles pieces of meat of pink-violet shades with plates no more than a centimeter, united over one saucer. Most often found on birch stumps. Does not have a pronounced aroma. The unsightly appearance scares off mushroom gourmets, so its taste is unknown.

Bjerkandera

Belongs to the tinder family and is distinguished by tape-like growth within one year. A mature mushroom of dark brown color resembles a braid of caps, no larger than 3 cm in size. The pulp is fragile, gray in color, and odorless. A thin spore-bearing layer with a clear boundary separates the body of the mushroom from the brown oily cap, as if always wet and grayish at the ends.

Spreads on dead wood and dead wood. It tastes like regular tinder fungus.

Oyster mushroom

Oyster mushrooms quickly burst into our lives, greatly facilitating the preparation of many dishes with rare species of tree mushrooms. Growing quickly in an artificial environment, having a wonderful aroma and good taste, they have become undoubted sales leaders. Specimens bred on mushroom farms are not comparable in taste to wild varieties. They grow in large families on the trunks of living and dead deciduous fruit trees.

You need to look for them in spring and autumn in Crimea.

The fruiting body consists of a long elastic stem and a matte cap. Oyster mushrooms come in a variety of colors, from pale gray to orange, and all of them are edible and tasty.

Hypocrea

Hypoclea sulfur-yellow is an inedible parasitic mushroom that feeds on relatives of the Trembling family (most often they include Exidia glandularis). Accordingly, the seasons and places of growth of this species coincide with its “victims”.

Appearing on the body of the trembler, the hypocreas grows several yellow spots, which then merge into one surface. It forms a large golden spot on the body of the tree fungus with black dots - spore-forming fruiting bodies. It looks like a dense, uneven sponge ranging in size from 1 to 15 cm.

Ram mushroom

This fast-growing mushroom from the polypore family is also called Grifola curly. In our country it is rarely found, only in deciduous forests on old logs and stumps. Such mushrooms weighing 9-10 kg have been found in nature.

Many thin legs of the ram mushroom turn into brown caps with gray and greenish hues along the wavy edges. The light fruit body has beneficial properties and smells pleasantly of nuts.

For these properties, the mushroom is widely used in cooking and has become the medicinal basis of folk recipes for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.

Dacrimitses

A fairly rare small, up to 0.5 cm, yellow oval mushroom. It loves water, dampness and rotting stumps of coniferous trees, so in dry weather it hides in the bark of dead wood, as if spreading out and becoming flat.

Due to its yellow hue and structure, it looks like foam bubbles scattered in small drops on wood. The body of Dacrimyces has neither taste nor aroma. It is inedible, but not poisonous either.

Kalocera adhesive

In the forest, it usually settles on rotten wood and occupies this place completely, that is, other mushrooms will no longer grow here.

Kalocera strongly resembles coral, bright yellow, sometimes orange. Reaching a length of 6 cm, the horn-like processes grow together at the base and “create” a bouquet. Such formations parasitize on rotten wood and reproduce throughout the summer.

Each mushroom, rubbery to the touch, has 2-3 sharp, branched tops.

This species was classified as neither edible nor poisonous due to its rarity.

Chinese muer mushroom

The name of this delicious mushroom lies in its main place of growth - China, but sometimes it can be found in the eastern forests of Russia. It grows mainly on the trunks of living trees, preferably alder.

Brown, almost black, with a thin body, similar to an ear. Due to its delicate jelly, slightly crunchy structure and sweetish and smoky taste, muer is widely used in the cooking of China, Japan, Vietnam and Thailand.

Climacodon Northern

You can call him a real forest orderly. In mid-summer, it settles on old and diseased deciduous trees and destroys them in a couple of years. It belongs to the tinder family and looks like a very typical representative of these fungi.

The light yellow porous body and slightly brown caps of Climacodon with a radius of up to 15 cm form a multi-tiered attractive structure. In places where the spores form, they have soft spines - a rather rare occurrence for such breeds.

Its taste and smell are unpleasant, so this specimen has no experience of use in cooking or pharmaceuticals.

Honey fungus

The edible tree mushroom, familiar in appearance, taste and color to every person, is original in that it can be grown in an ordinary city apartment. And how, read on our website!) But the taste value of the found natural specimens growing on stumps and old deciduous trees is much higher.

They are found in all forests of Russia, growing in large families - up to 50 pale gray legs and gray-brown caps with one base.

tinder

There are many varieties of tinder fungi - this is one of the most popular objects of study in mycology. Its habitats are deciduous forests and parks, especially with elms.

Yellow caps with a diameter of 15 cm and brown legs 10 cm long are covered with brown scales. Those who like to cook these mushrooms need to collect only young specimens with dense, moist pulp, and up to three harvests can be taken over the summer and autumn.

An inedible mushroom, the medicinal properties of which elevate it to the category of the best medicinal xylotrophs of its kind. Dark brown or light gray lamellar semicircular growths on birch trunks have a dense, brittle structure and a putrid odor.

Biologically active substances and fiber in the fruiting body of chaga provide folk medicine with a substrate for the preparation of medicinal decoctions and infusions, teas and powders. As long as there are birch groves in Russia, we will be able to use the unique beneficial properties of the mushroom for the benefit of human health.

Golden scale (royal honey fungus)

Most often it can be found on the trunks of weakened and dead poplars, birches, and alders. Yellow-golden caps up to 20 cm in diameter on a thin long stem are covered with brown scales.

Young specimens appearing in mid-summer are often confused with honey mushrooms. But this mushroom is significantly inferior in taste to its well-known relatives, so it is not consumed as an independent dish.

It has an inedible, but also non-poisonous close relative - the poplar scale (pictured below).

Shiitake

Japanese forest mushroom, imperial mushroom or lentinula edible - these are the names found in this famous tree representative studied by mycology.

Features:

• fibrous stalk;
• brown round cap with lightened plates;
• scales on dry skin.

It grows most often on oak. The tasty pulp, giving off a peppery taste, as well as the medicinal properties of the species have become widespread in cooking and medicine.

Exidia ferruginosa

The xylotroph from the Tremor family is difficult to describe externally, since it often changes its shape depending on climatic conditions. It resembles black resin drops and with its large family envelops the entire trunk of young branches growing on the remains of wood. The pulp of the fruiting body is jelly-like, has no taste or aroma, so it is of no value in the kitchen.

The benefits and harms of tree mushrooms

The benefits of edible species of tree mushrooms are scientifically proven. They contain absolutely no fat. Their main useful components are:

• vegetable protein;
• vitamins C, B, especially a lot of B3;
• Microelements calcium, phosphorus, iron.

In such types of mushrooms as tinder fungus, shiitake, chaga, it is not culinary, but pharmaceutical properties that predominate. Various substances and mixtures are prepared from them that can treat the symptoms of certain diseases:

• lack of iron in the blood;
• high blood pressure;
• high levels of stomach acidity;
• reduced immunity.

Tree fungi can be considered harmful only because they spread widely and quickly on healthy trees in human-cultivated areas - gardens, parks, artificial forests. Once on the bark of a damaged area of ​​a healthy trunk, fungal spores quickly multiply and destroy it in just a few years.

If wood damaged by animals or frostbitten is treated in time with garden varnish, this danger will disappear.

Mr. Summer Resident recommends: tree mushrooms - beneficial properties, use in cooking

The tree mushroom Chaga birch has become famous for its medicinal properties - teas and decoctions from it have a powerful immunostimulating and tonic effect.

Planting mushrooms on a farm has become a profitable business and now we often see tasty and nutritious oyster mushrooms on sale, which are also classified as woody mushrooms. In nature, they come in yellow, greenish and other shades and grow in a large family. Forest species are much more fragrant than their artificially bred relatives. A big plus is that they do not have poisonous counterparts.

Tree ears, as the mushrooms are called because of their resemblance to the shell of an ear, are very popular in oriental dishes. However, they are rarely prepared as an independent dish, since they do not have a special aroma or pronounced taste. Mushrooms are good as a side dish in combination with meat, giving it a subtle smoky flavor. The crispy and dense consistency is pleasant to the taste and nutritious, especially well seasoned.

Undoubtedly, tree mushrooms have taken their rightful place in human nutrition: it is not for nothing that we are increasingly seeing them on supermarket shelves, thereby enriching the diet with healthy and nutritious protein products.

Excidia glandular. Description, where it grows, similar species, photos

The species are saprotrophic, grow on dead attached or recently fallen wood and produce gelatinous basidiocarps (fruiting bodies). The fruiting bodies are variously pustular, lobed, button-shaped or superior.

Several species, including species like Exidia glandularis, have sterile pins or pimples on their spore-bearing surface. Others are smooth. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, and about 20 species are currently recognized worldwide.

Initial molecular studies indicate that the genus is artificial.

Exidia glandulosa (Ex > › Mushrooms › Exidia glandulosa)

Current title

Systematic position

Etymology of the specific epithet

Glandulosus, a, um rich in glands, glandular.

Synonyms

• Tremella glandulosa Bull., Herb. Fr. 9: tab. 420, fig. 1 (1789)
• Tremella nigricans var. glandulosa (Bull.) Bull., Hist. Champ. Fr. (Paris) 1: 217, tab. 455:1EF (1791)
• Tremella atra OF Müll., Fl. Danic. 5: tab. 884 (1782)
• Tremella rubra JF Gmel., Systema Naturae, Edn 13 2(2): 1448 (1792)
• Tremella glauca Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1:111 (1794)
• Tremella spiculosa Pers., Observ. mycol. (Lipsiae) 1:99 (1796)
• Gyraria spiculosa (Pers.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1:594 (1821)
• Exidia spiculosa (Pers.) Sommerf., Suppl. Fl. lapp. (Oslo): 1-333 (1826)
• Exidia truncata Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 2(1): 224 (1822)
• Auricularia truncata (Fr.) Fuckel, Jb. Nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23-24:29 (1870)
• Exidia strigosa (P. Karst.) P. Karst., Bidr. Kann. Finl. Nat. Folk 48:451 (1889)
• Exidia grambergii Neuhoff, Z. Pilzk., NF 5: 187-188 (1926)

Habit

• Fruit body: Gelatinous, gelatinous

• Hymenophore: Smooth, not pronounced

Fruiting body

The fruiting bodies are initially round, tuberculate or reverse pin-shaped, often with a tapering base, 1–3 cm in diameter, attached to the substrate with a central point, developing discretely or forming clusters of fruiting bodies that do not merge, but retain a separate structure even in groups, dark brown or black. The surface is smooth, shiny, covered with conical tubercles. The consistency of the fruiting bodies is gelatinous. When dry, the fruiting bodies become hard, black and form a flattened crust [1].

Microscopy

Spores are 12 – 16 × 4 – 5.5 µm, allantoic, hyaline, thin-walled, with a pronounced apex and oil droplets in the protoplast [1].

Basidia 10 – 16 × 8 – 10 (13) µm, almost spherical or ovoid, 4-spores, with a buckle at the base [1].

The hyphae of the tissue are branched, thin-walled, hyaline or slightly colored, with numerous buckles [1].

Ecology and distribution

On branches and trunks of broad-leaved species, especially oak (Quercus), beech (Fagus) and hazel (Corylus) [1].

Fruiting

The divisions correspond to the ten days of the month.

Nutritional properties

Similar species

• Blackening exidia (Exidia nigricans) - when groups are formed, the fruiting bodies merge into a single mass.

Spore-bearing layer

Spores form and ripen over the entire surface of the fruiting body. The spore mass is a white powder. The spores are colorless and sausage-shaped.

Pulp

The structure is thin, watery, jelly-like. The color of the pulp is olive brown; it does not change color at the site of a break or cut. The pulp does not have a pronounced taste or aroma.

Spreading

Fruiting bodies can be found on dead wood of deciduous trees, most often alder or aspen. The distribution area is wide, covering almost the entire European and Asian parts of Russia. It occurs both singly and in groups, including clumps.

Similar species

The most similar species differs in that the fruiting bodies of this fungus almost always grow separately, without forming intergrowths. The upper part of the fruiting body seems to have been cut off and forms a flat area on top. There are far fewer grooves and warts on the surface.

Painted in lighter colors. In addition, its fruiting bodies are more elongated vertically; they seem to stretch upward, rather than “spread” along the branch.

As the name suggests, it settles on dead wood of coniferous trees. Its fruiting bodies have a smoother surface.

It differs in that it is much less picky about which trees it settles on. In addition, her spores are much smaller.

It forms outwardly similar “families”, but the surface of the mushroom is completely smooth, and the spore powder is black and easily stains your hands when touched.

Source: https://mik-nn2003.ru/vazhno-znat/eksidiya-szhataya-exidia-recisa.html

Taxonomy[edit | edit code]

Bjorkandera scorched was first described by Karl Ludwig Wildenow in the collective genus of tubular mushrooms. In 1879, the famous Finnish mycologist Peter Adolf Karsten described a new genus Bjerkandera

, naming it after the Swedish naturalist Claes Bjorkander.

Synonymsedit | edit code

• Boletus adustus Willd., 1787basionym
• Boletus carpineus Sowerby, 1799
• Boletus concentricus Schumach., 1803
• Boletus crispus Pers., 1799
• Boletus fuscoporus planer, 1788
• Boletus isabellinus Schwein., 1822
• Boletus pelleporus Bull., 1791
• Boletus suberosus var. flabelliformis Batsch, 1789
• Coriolus alabamensis Murrill, 1907
• Daedalea fennica (P.Karst.) P.Karst., 1906
• Daedalea oudemansii var. fennica P.Karst., 1882
• Daedalea solubilis Velen., 1926
• Gloeoporus adustus (Willd.) Pilát, 1937 Gloeoporus adustus f. atropileus (Velen.) Pilát, 1937
• Gloeoporus adustus f. excavavatus (Velen.) Pilát, 1937
• Gloeoporus adustus f. solubilis (Velen.) Pilát, 1937
• Gloeoporus adustus f. tegumentosus (Velen.) Pilát, 1937

Exidia glandulosa: what mushrooms look like, where and how they grow, whether they are edible or not

The mushroom is inedible, but not poisonous.

Ecology

Grows on the bark of broad-leaved trees (oak, beech, hazel). Distributed in areas where these species grow. Requires high humidity.

Season and distribution

It appears in spring in April-May and under favorable conditions can grow until late autumn. Distribution: Europe, European part of Russia, Caucasus, Primorsky Krai.

Exidia nigricans

Spruce exidia (Exidia pithya) - grows on coniferous trees, the fruiting bodies are smooth.

:

Photo of the mushroom Exidia glandularis

from questions in recognition:

Rosewood tree species

Rosewood is a special type of wood, characterized by high hardness, resistance to the negative effects of external factors and pests, wear resistance, decorative and aesthetic qualities. This material is among the rarest and most expensive in the world. Trees that produce it grow in some countries of the Middle East, Indonesia, India, and South America.

A characteristic feature of these trees is considered to be extremely slow growth - a full-fledged mature trunk takes about 200 years to form, which does not allow for the rapid breeding of these valuable species. In diameter, such species reach from 30 to 150 cm, the average height is up to 12–25 m. Broad-leaved species of Dalbergia are planted on plantations or near the terraces of houses to create shade. Freshly cut logs emit a specific, pleasant floral aroma of essential oil, which evaporates some time after processing. Widespread wastefulness and great demand for rosewood led to the almost complete disappearance of many varieties of trees. In the past, the refined taste of connoisseurs did not allow even the slightest green shades in the finished material; if a defect was suspected, such parquet was mercilessly destroyed. Considering that it takes many centuries for valuable trees to be restored, it is understandable why they have become rare and protected by law. Many breeds are prohibited from being exported from the countries in which they grow.

Exidia compressed: photo and description

Fruiting bodies can be found on dead wood of deciduous trees, most often alder or aspen. The distribution area is wide, covering almost the entire European and Asian parts of Russia. It occurs both singly and in groups, including clumps.

It grows actively at almost any time of the year, including in winter, during the thaw.

The species' habitat covers the entire Northern Hemisphere, including almost the entire area of ​​Russia from the Kaliningrad region to the Far East. Almost always grows on dead wood of deciduous trees, very rarely on coniferous wood. It is practically never found in single specimens; it grows in dense groups forming a continuous layer.

The period of active fruiting begins in early spring and ends in late autumn, and even in winter, during periods of thaw, the mushroom actively grows and produces spores.

Evaluation of the edibility of exidia glandularis

The fruiting body of this mushroom is tremulous. The color of the fruiting body can be dark brown or black. The shape of the fruiting body is teardrop-folded, lenticular. The diameter of the fruiting body is small - 1-2 centimeters. The fruiting bodies grow together in a disorderly manner, resulting in the formation of an irregularly shaped conglomerate.

In wet weather the fruiting body is gelatinous, but in drought it can shrink. And after rain, the mushroom returns to its previous state. The pulp is translucent and has no special taste or smell. White spore powder.

These fungi settle on dead deciduous trees. You can often find a tree entirely covered with glandular exidia. Fruiting bodies prefer thin branches, perhaps this is due to the characteristics of the bark.

Ferrous excidia appear, as a rule, at the end of autumn, they are also found in the spring - until May. They can overwinter under the snow or grow back. However, these mushrooms can also be found in the summer. Excidia glandularis is not a rare species, but there is not too much information about it, since it is not very noticeable.

First of all, this mushroom can be confused with other representatives of the Exidia genus. For example, it has an external resemblance to Exidia truncata, with which it often lives on the same trees. But the fruiting bodies of Exidia truncata do not form intergrowths.

There is no information about the edibility of glandular exidia. But, most likely, the mushroom is not poisonous.

Brain tremors are an inedible mushroom. The fruiting body of this strange mushroom is jelly-like and pink in color. The core inside is white when cut, quite dense. The shape of the fruiting bodies is irregular, their diameter is 1-3 cm. The surface of the fruiting body is finely tuberculate. The color of the fruiting bodies is yellow or white.

Brain tremors are common in temperate northern latitudes. These mushrooms can only be found on dead branches of coniferous wood, mainly on pine trees. Fruiting occurs from summer to autumn.

Orange tremors are a conditionally edible mushroom. The fruiting body looks like sinuous blades. The blades appear watery. The height of the fruiting body is 1-4 centimeters. Its color can be almost white, orange or yellow. Its pulp is gelatinous, odorless and tasteless. The fruiting bodies, like those of other tremors, can dry out and return to their original shape after rain.

Orange tremors bear fruit from August to November. They often persist into winter. They settle on dead dry branches of deciduous trees. Under favorable conditions, fruiting is very abundant.

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Exidia glandularis is reported to be edible.

What does Exidia compressed look like?

It resembles a mushroom, a closed shell with a barely noticeable stalk 2-3 cm long. The fruiting body is erect, round, leaf-shaped, compact, disc-shaped or in the form of an inverted cone. As a rule, the surface of young compressed excidia is smooth, but over time it becomes folded and wrinkled.

The color ranges from yellow and amber shades to red-brown, and when the flesh dries, it begins to turn black. The edge of the fruiting body is wavy and wrinkled. Characterized by inexpressive taste and smell.

Basidia are four-spored with a buckle at the base and long cylindrical sterigmata, reaching sizes of 10-13 × 7-10 µm. Spores are 12-14×3-4 µm, thin-walled, hyaline, allantoid with a pronounced apex.

Important! They grow solitarily, and sometimes in clusters.

Taxonomy:

• Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
• Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
• Subclass: Auriculariomycetidae
• Order: Auriculariales
• Family: Exidiaceae
• Genus: Exidia (Exidia)
• Species: Exidia recisa (Compressed Exidia)

Synonyms:

• Tremella recisa
• Tremella salicus

Description Fruit bodies up to 2.5 cm in diameter and 1 - 3 mm thick, yellow-brown or reddish-brown, transparent, consistency similar to soft jelly, initially truncated-conical or triangular in shape, later rather leaf-shaped, attached to the substrate at one point (sometimes there is something like a short leg), with age they often become droopy.

Ecology and distribution Widespread species in the Northern Hemisphere. Usually this is a late-autumn mushroom, but in principle its season stretches from April to the end of December (depending on the mildness of the climate). In dry weather, the mushroom dries out, but after rain or heavy morning dew it comes to life and continues to produce spores.

It grows on dead branches of deciduous trees, including dead wood, mainly on willow, but also recorded on poplar, alder and bird cherry (as well as other representatives of the genus Prunus).

Edibility The mushroom is inedible.

Similar species The widespread exidia glandulosa has black-brown or black fruiting bodies of an irregular, often brain-shaped shape with small warts on the surface, accreting into dense, shapeless groups.

Truncated exidia (Exidia truncata) can be very similar in color and quite similar in shape, but it, like glandular exidia, has small warts on the surface. In addition, its lower surface is velvety.

Blooming exidia, similar in color (Exidia repanda), has round, flattened fruiting bodies that are never conical and pendulous. In addition, it most often grows on birch and is never found on willow.

The brown leaf trembler (Tremella foliacea) has larger fruiting bodies in the form of curly lobes that turn black with age.

Exidia umbrinella is similar in shape and color of fruiting bodies, but this rather rare species grows only on conifers.

Orange tremella mesenterica is distinguished by its bright yellow or yellow-orange color and folded fruiting bodies.

taxonomy

This species was originally described from France as Tremet glandulosa by Bulliard in 1789. It was subsequently placed in Exidia by Fries in 1822. Fries, however, modified Bulliard's species concept to include a second, effusion, coalescence species name Exidia glandulosa. serving for both.

This combined concept was used until Neuhoff separated the two species in 1936. Unfortunately, Neuhoff gave the name Exidia glandularis to the exudate species, adopting the name Exidia truncata for Bulliard's original species. This error was pointed out by Donk in 1966, who proposed the name Exidia plana for the eruptive species, now replaced by Exidia cannibals.

Molecular studies have shown that Exidia glandulosa and E. psaprus, although similar, are different.

The mushroom is commonly known as "black witch butter", "black jelly roll", or "warty jelly mushroom".

Source: https://peschanoepans.ru/eksidiya-szhataya/

APK “Vitus” — News

Bacterial birch dropsy (Erwinia multivora.)

In recent years, active foci of a little studied disease have been identified on the territory of the Russian Federation - bacterial birch dropsy (Erwinia multivora Scz.-Parf.).

Birch cytosporosis (Cytospora horr > Published on 01/21/2020 by the author of AIC

The causative agent is the fungus Cytospora horrida Sacc. (marsupial stage - Valsa horrida Nits.), causes necrosis of the bark, drying out of individual branches and entire trees.

Exidia sugar (Ex > Published 01/21/2020 by the author of AIC

Head of the Plant Protection Laboratory of AIC "Vitus" Sinelnikov K. Yu.

Specialists of the plant protection department of AIC "Vitus" carry out entomological and phytopathological examination of green spaces, develop individual action plans for plant protection, treat green spaces with protective agents and provide comprehensive plant care.

Plant protection department of agro-industrial complex "Vitus"

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Comparison of 3 types of exidia: exidia glandular, exidia truncated and exidia compressed

Head of the Plant Protection Laboratory of AIC "Vitus" Sinelnikov K. Yu.

Specialists of the plant protection department of AIC "Vitus" carry out entomological and phytopathological examination of green spaces, develop individual action plans for plant protection, treat green spaces with protective agents and provide comprehensive plant care.

Plant protection department of agro-industrial complex "Vitus"

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Exidia truncated (Ex > Published on 01/21/2020 by the author of APK

Head of the Plant Protection Laboratory of AIC "Vitus" Sinelnikov K. Yu.

Specialists of the plant protection department of AIC "Vitus" carry out entomological and phytopathological examination of green spaces, develop individual action plans for plant protection, treat green spaces with protective agents and provide comprehensive plant care.

Plant protection department of agro-industrial complex "Vitus"

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Exidia glandularis ( Ex > Published 01/21/2020 by the author of the APK

The causative agent is the fungus Exidia glandulosa

Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes) Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes) Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes) Subclass: Auriculariomycetidae Order: Auriculariales (Auriculariales) Family: Exidiaceae (Exidiaceae) Genus: Exidia (Exidia) Species: Exidia glandulosa )

It is located on thin-barked trunks and large tree branches.

Photo: Acacia moth mine

Alder cryptic hunter - Cryptorrhynch > Published 12/16/2019 by APK

a—adult; b — adult specimen from the side; c - damage to the stem with the larva; d - signs of damage to young alder; e - signs of a previous lesion on the alder.

Dark-colored weevil, 6-9 mm long. The body is covered with dark brown, almost black scales with very short bristles. The sides of the shield are covered with white scales. The prothorax between the femora has a deep groove in which the rostrum is located. The larva is white with a brown head, legless, 10-12 mm long.

Willow diplodina necrosis (Diplodina microsperma)

Diplodina necrosis of willow trunks and branches (pathogen is the fungus Diplodina microsperma).

Photo: Sinelnikova K.Yu.

Synonyms: - Plagiostoma salicellum; — Septomyxa picea; — Cpyptodiaporthe salicella;

Diplodine necrosis of willow trunks and branches (caused by the fungus Diplodina microsperma) is a widespread and dangerous, but little studied disease. Continue reading →

Excidia glandular: description of the species and where it grows, photo

The species are saprotrophic, grow on dead attached or recently fallen wood and produce gelatinous basidiocarps (fruiting bodies). The fruiting bodies are variously pustular, lobed, button-shaped or superior.

Several species, including species like Exidia glandularis, have sterile pins or pimples on their spore-bearing surface. Others are smooth. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, and about 20 species are currently recognized worldwide.

Initial molecular studies indicate that the genus is artificial.

Other representatives of the genus

Brain tremors are an inedible mushroom. The fruiting body of this strange mushroom is jelly-like and pink in color. The core inside is white when cut, quite dense. The shape of the fruiting bodies is irregular, their diameter is 1-3 cm. The surface of the fruiting body is finely tuberculate. The color of the fruiting bodies is yellow or white.

Brain tremors are common in temperate northern latitudes. These mushrooms can only be found on dead branches of coniferous wood, mainly on pine trees. Fruiting occurs from summer to autumn.

Orange tremors are a conditionally edible mushroom. The fruiting body looks like sinuous blades. The blades appear watery. The height of the fruiting body is 1-4 centimeters. Its color can be almost white, orange or yellow. Its pulp is gelatinous, odorless and tasteless. The fruiting bodies, like those of other tremors, can dry out and return to their original shape after rain.

Orange tremors bear fruit from August to November. They often persist into winter. They settle on dead dry branches of deciduous trees. Under favorable conditions, fruiting is very abundant.

What Excidia blackens looks like

At an early age, exidia blackens has a rounded body, which eventually merges, forming a cushion with a diameter of 20 cm. The surface is corrugated, shiny, with expanded edges and conical tubercles.

The color can range from dark brown to gray. The watery pulp is dark and transparent. During drought it hardens, but after rain it takes on its previous appearance and continues its growth and development.

Reproduction occurs by elongated spores, which are located in white spore powder.

Where white floats grow.

White floats bear fruit in deciduous and mixed with birch forests.
They are very rare and do not bear fruit every year. They can be found in grass and among bushes. They grow on the soil. White floats prefer loamy soils. They only appear one by one. They are common in Western Europe and Russia. White floats grow in the Moscow region. They bear fruit from July to September, and are found in large numbers in the second half of July.

On the Karelian Peninsula these are rare mushrooms; they were discovered only 6 times during 7 years of observation. There they came across in the western and southern parts of the isthmus. This is a very rare species, bearing fruit approximately once every 2 years, with only one fruiting body formed at each location.

Evaluation of the taste qualities of white floats.

The white float is edible. Its taste is low. It is suitable for consumption in dried, fried and boiled form.

Although these mushrooms are edible, they are rarely harvested as their caps are very fragile and do not survive transportation well. In addition, these mushrooms have a dangerous resemblance to poisonous fly agarics.

Doubles of white floats.

The white float is a relative of the deadly poisonous mushrooms - the white fly agaric, and the white form, so it can be easily confused with these mushrooms. You can distinguish the float from its dangerous relatives thanks to the ribbed edges of the cap, the absence of a ring on the stem and the presence of a free wide volva.

Also, the white float is similar to other types of floats; it differs from them only in the color of the cap. But other floats are also harmless and can be eaten.

Due to the fact that white floats are rare mushrooms, they have no real culinary value, and besides, they can be confused with very dangerous mushrooms, they are not recommended for collection.

Related species of white floater.

Gray float is an edible mushroom. Its cap is at first conical in shape, and later becomes almost flat with a round tubercle in the center. The cap is fleshy, and its edges are very thin and furrowed. The surface of the cap is shiny, whitish, gray, olive green, gray-violet or yellow-brown. The pulp is thin, fragile, yellowish, with a sweetish taste, and has a mushroom smell. The leg is tall and thin, with a flaky coating, gray-brown in color.

Gray floats grow in light coniferous and deciduous forests, and can be found in the steppe zone. They grow in temperate climates. Fruiting occurs in May-November.

The float is strange - a conditionally edible mushroom. Its cap varies in shape from bell-shaped to convex-spread. Its edges are convex, and the central tubercle is well defined. The color of the cap can be brown or red-brown. The leg is long, thick, scaly, gray in color.

Strange floats grow in deciduous forests and conifers. They bear fruit from June to October. They grow in Europe, the Far East, North and South America.

Definitioner

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, unique to basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia vary in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

Based on the position relative to the axis of the hyphae to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subbasidia are formed from a lateral process turned perpendicular to the hyphal axis, which stops growing after the formation of one basidium.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia are single-celled basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

The heterobasidium consists of two parts - the hypobasidium and the epibasidium developing from it, with septations (see Fig. C, B) or without them (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered to be holobasidium (Fig. A).

The basidium is the site of karyogamy, meiosis, and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidy, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy. However, the basidia can be divided into probasidium, the site of karyogamy, and metabasidium, the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a resting spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, the probasidium germinates into a metabasidium, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Hypha.

Allantoid (Allantoid spore)

Sausage-shaped, slightly curved, cylindrical spore with rounded ends.

Application

The scope of use of rosewood, despite its unique qualities, is narrow. Rarity and high cost have long made this material not accessible to everyone. It was used to make piece parquet in palaces and houses of the nobility, parts of musical instruments, furniture elements, interior wall decoration, figurines, carved collectible chess sets, boxes, and jewelry. Artists used rosewood plates as a source material for creating miniatures. It can serve for hundreds of years without deforming, drying out, or succumbing to damage or rotting.

In the modern world, the scope of application of this valuable material can be considered the production of finishing in top-class vehicles: limousine interiors, cabins of yachts and liners. The bodies and necks of expensive guitars are made from rosewood, and the handles of collectible knives are turned.

Despite the enviable strength, moisture resistance and other excellent characteristics necessary in construction, there is, of course, no need to talk about the widespread use of rosewood in it. It’s hard to even imagine how much it would cost to install window frames in a house or lay floors from it. Wood is used as a valuable ornamental material and is a constant indicator of luxury and refined taste for owners of any items made from it.

Taking advantage of the fact that rosewood is a desirable material for collectors and lovers of luxury, swindlers selling wood pass off cheaper species as valuable species: Bolivian rosewood, wenge, masasuba, chechem, culupai and other tropical varieties. A true connoisseur who deals with rosewood in practice can distinguish the imitation from the original. Based only on the structure and color scheme of lumber, you can easily be deceived. Externally, expensive and cheap breeds are similar, but the quality and durability of the latter are noticeably lower.

True rosewood is becoming so rare due to many circumstances that it is found only in shadow markets or in Asian or South American stores in places where the trees grow. In Europe, parquet boards and other rosewood finishing materials are officially prohibited for sale. The danger of extinction of valuable species plays a significant role in this.

Use

Young egg-shaped fruiting bodies of the networt are usually eaten raw, after removing the shell and seasoning with salt and spices. You can use the product with sour cream. Dictyophora double is not salted or pickled.

The fruiting bodies of the networt can be fried without removing the shell. But it is believed that after heat treatment their beneficial properties disappear.

Some gardeners are trying to grow networt in their garden plots as an exotic plant. To do this, it is recommended to do this:

1. To obtain spores, remove the cap from a double net-carrier and wrap it in mulch from the forest floor.
2. In garden conditions, place the cap with a layer of forest substrate under garden organic soil and water it periodically.
3. The place where the cap is located must not be dug up or loosened.

Attention! Under favorable conditions, after 2–3 years, mycelium will sprout from the spores, and then the first fruiting bodies of the networt

Mycelium on sticks Smoky polypore (Bjerkandera fumosa), Bjerkandera fumosa

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Smoky polypore (Bjerkandera fumosa), Bjerkandera fumosa

The smoky polypore forms annual fruiting bodies, fleshy and relatively large, usually prostrate-reflexed, imbricated or in small clumps, less often solitary, sessile. The color of the fruiting bodies is more or less uniform: at first isabella-cream, later yellowish, reddish-brown. The edge is often darker than the surface, sterile, thick in young specimens, and becomes thinner and sharper with age.

Caps up to 12 cm in greatest dimension and up to 2 cm thick, smooth or slightly wavy, without zones or with weakly defined one or two pale gray-brown zones; the surface is finely pubescent, becomes bare with age. The tissue is softly fibrous, thick, the color of a cap; on a section of the fruiting body, a thin dark line is visible above the layer of tubes. The hymenophore is up to 5 mm thick, isabella, whitish-smoky, brownish-cream in old age, with unequal pores, often has a characteristic columnar structure. Pores 2-5 per 1 mm, round or oblong, sometimes slightly sinuous, with solid, sometimes jagged edges.

The hyphal system is pseudodymitic. Generative hyphae are 2.5-3.5 microns in diameter, pseudoskeletal hyphae are 3-7 microns in diameter, branching at an acute angle. Spores are ellipsoidal-cylindrical to almost fusiform, 5.5-7x2.5-3.5 µm.

It grows from spring to late autumn on living trees, dry trunks and stumps of deciduous trees, especially common on willow and ash, as well as on apple trees. It differs from the related scorched tinder fungus Bjerkandera adusta by a more even yellowish-cream, yellowish-brownish color of the surface of the cap and hymenophore, and by slightly larger fruiting bodies. The young fruiting bodies of these two species can be very similar.

Harvested and grown for medicinal purposes.